Shloka 1

सीतावियोगे रामविलापः

Rama’s Lament in Separation from Sita

Devanagari script

स राजपुत्रः प्रियया विहीनः शोकेन मोहेन च पीड्यमानः।विषादयन्भ्रातरमार्तरूपो भूयो विषादं प्रविवेश तीव्रम्।।।।

Transliteration

sa rāja-putraḥ priyayā vihīnaḥ śokena mohena ca pīḍyamānaḥ | viṣādayan bhrātaram ārta-rūpo bhūyo viṣādaṃ praviveśa tīvram || 3.63.1 ||

Translation

พระราชกุมารนั้น ครั้นพรากจากนางอันเป็นที่รัก ถูกความโศกและความหลงมัวครอบงำ ทรงทำให้พระอนุชาก็เศร้าหมองไปด้วย ด้วยสภาพอันเจ็บปวด พระองค์กลับจมลงสู่ความสิ้นหวังอันรุนแรงยิ่งอีกครั้ง

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• लक्ष्मणम्: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणम्: Karma (कर्म/सम्बोधन-लक्ष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शोकवशाभिपन्नम्: overcome by the power of grief
• शोकवशाभिपन्नम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + abhipanna (कृदन्त, √पद्/√आप्?)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (शोकवशेन अभिपन्नः), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle)

• शोके: in grief
• शोके: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• निमग्नः: plunged
• निमग्नः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + मज्ज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; रामः विशेषण

• विपुले: vast/intense
• विपुले: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vipula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; शोके विशेषण

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (but/indeed)

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• वाक्यम्: words/speech
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• व्यसनानुरूपम्: befitting the calamity
• व्यसनानुरूपम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyasana (प्रातिपदिक) + anurūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (व्यसनस्य अनुरूपम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् विशेषण

• उष्णम्: heated/ardent
• उष्णम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् विशेषण (heated/ardent)

• विनिश्श्वस्य: having sighed
• विनिश्श्वस्य: Kriya (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + नि + श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive): "having sighed"

• रुदन्: crying
• रुदन्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुद् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले परस्मैपद-शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; रामः विशेषण

• सशोकम्: with sorrow
• सशोकम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (शोकेन सह), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यम् विशेषण

Context

Prince Rama, separated from his beloved, lost his senses out of sorrow. Seeing his brother in a distressed state, he sank again into intense grief.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Sītā (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights truthful portrayal of human suffering: dharma is not emotional denial; acknowledging grief can be part of the truthful path before right action is taken.

What is the narrative situation?

At the opening of the next sarga, the narrator describes Rāma’s intensifying grief after Sītā’s loss, affecting both him and Lakṣmaṇa.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathic bond between brothers—Lakṣmaṇa is affected because he is deeply aligned with Rāma’s mission and pain.