Shloka 38

सीतान्वेषणविलापः

Rama’s Lament and Search for Sita

Devanagari script

तथा स गत्वा विपुलम् महद्वनं परीत्य सर्वं त्वथ मैथिलीं प्रति।अनिष्ठिताशस्सचकार मार्गणे पुनः प्रियायाः परमं परिश्रमम्।।3.60.38।।

Transliteration

tathā sa gatvā vipulaṃ mahad vanaṃ parītya sarvaṃ tvatha maithilīṃ prati | aniṣṭhitāśaḥ sa cakāra mārgaṇe punaḥ priyāyāḥ paramaṃ pariśramam || 3.60.38 ||

Translation

ดังนั้น ครั้นเข้าไปในป่าใหญ่กว้างไพศาลและค้นหาทั่วทุกทิศเพื่อพระนางไมถิลี เขามิได้ละทิ้งความหวัง หากกลับทุ่มเทแรงกายแรงใจถึงที่สุดในการเสาะหานางผู้เป็นที่รัก

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in that way
• तथा: सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier of action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb of manner: 'thus/in that way')

• सः: he (Rama)
• सः: कर्ता (agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (masc nominative singular)

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: पूर्वक्रिया/क्रियाविशेषण (prior action modifying main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having gone)

• विपुलम्: vast
• विपुलम्: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (neut accusative singular); विशेषणम्

• महत्: great
• महत्: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (neut accusative singular); विशेषणम्

• वनम्: forest
• वनम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (neut accusative singular)

• परीत्य: having gone around, having searched through
• परीत्य: पूर्वक्रिया/क्रियाविशेषण (prior action modifying main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + इ (धातु) + क्त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय; रूपम्: ईत्वा/इत्य)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्तम् (gerund/absolutive); परि-उपसर्गयुक्त; अर्थः ‘परिभ्रम्य/पर्यट्य’ (having gone around, having searched through)

• सर्वम्: all, the entire
• सर्वम्: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier: 'the whole [forest]')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (neut accusative singular); विशेषणम्

• तु: then, but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः/समुच्चय-व्यतिरेकसूचकः (particle: 'but/then')

• अथ: then, thereupon
• अथ: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः (sequencing particle: 'then/thereupon')

• मैथिलीम्: Maithili (Sita)
• मैथिलीम्: कर्म (object/goal of search: Sita)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (fem accusative singular)

• प्रति: towards, with regard to
• प्रति: सम्प्रदान/दिशा (direction/goal marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद-निपातः; दिशावाचकः (preposition-like: 'towards/with regard to')

• अनिष्ठिताशः: having lost hope, despairing
• अनिष्ठिताशः: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of agent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्-निष्ठित + आशा (प्रातिपदिक); निष्ठा (√स्था) से निष्पन्न ‘निष्ठित’ + नञ्-प्रत्यय
• Form: समासः: नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (अनिष्ठिता आशा यस्य/अनिष्ठिता आशा इव); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying ‘सः’)

• स: he (Rama)
• स: कर्ता (agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (masc nominative singular); ‘सः’ का छन्दोऽनुरूप संक्षिप्त रूप

• चकार: did, made, performed
• चकार: क्रिया (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकारः (परस्मैपदम्); प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचनम् (perfect, 3rd sg)

• मार्गणे: in searching, in the quest
• मार्गणे: अधिकरण (locus: 'in the search')
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (locative singular); भावे/अधिकरणे प्रयोगः

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of repetition)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; काल/पुनरावृत्तिवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb: 'again')

• प्रियायाः: of (his) beloved
• प्रियायाः: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (possessive/relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (genitive singular)

• परमम्: supreme, extreme
• परमम्: कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (neut accusative singular); विशेषणम्

• परिश्रमम्: effort, exertion, fatigue
• परिश्रमम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचनम् (accusative singular)

Context

Rama went about the vast forest searching for the princess from Mithila all over not giving up hope of finding her. He continued to make great efforts for searching his beloved.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē araṇyakāṇḍē ṣaṣṭitamassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the sixtieth sarga of Aranyakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā (Maithilī)
• great forest (mahad vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is unwavering effort aligned with truth and responsibility: Rāma persists in the search, refusing despair, embodying the ideal that righteous aims require sustained labor.

What is the narrative situation?

After combing the vast forest for Sītā, Rāma renews his search with even greater exertion, still holding to hope.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Perseverance with hope—he continues disciplined effort despite fear and exhaustion.