Shloka 16

सीतान्वेषणविलापः

Rama’s Lament and Search for Sita

Devanagari script

भ्रमरैरुपगीतश्च यथा द्रुमवरो ह्ययम्।एष व्यक्तं विजानाति तिलकस्तिलकप्रियाम्।।3.60.16।।

Transliteration

bhramarair upagītaś ca yathā drumavaro hy ayam | eṣa vyaktaṃ vijānāti tilakas tilaka-priyām || 3.60.16 ||

Translation

ดังที่ต้นไม้อันประเสริฐนี้มีหมู่ภมรร้องขับกล่อมอยู่รอบกาย ต้นติลกะนี้ย่อมรู้จักนางผู้ชื่นชมติลกะบนหน้าผากอย่างแน่นอน

Word by Word

• भ्रमरैः: by bees
• भ्रमरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रमर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/3rd case), बहुवचन

• उपगीतः: sung/celebrated
• उपगीतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-गी (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय; past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (द्रुमवरः)

• च: and
• च: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चयार्थक)

• यथा: as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/तुलना)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (तुलनार्थ)

• द्रुमवरः: best of trees
• द्रुमवरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रुम-वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-प्रायः तत्पुरुष (द्रुमेषु वरः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: Discourse particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात)

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• एषः: this (one)
• एषः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• व्यक्तम्: clearly
• व्यक्तम्: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: व्यक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण)

• विजानाति: knows well/recognizes
• विजानाति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• तिलकः: Tilaka tree
• तिलकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिलक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (वृक्षविशेषः)

• तिलकप्रियाम्: the tilaka-loving (lady)
• तिलकप्रियाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिलक-प्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (तिलकस्य प्रिया), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

O Ashoka tree, dispeller of sorrow, by quickly showing me my darling make me ashoka (free from sorrow) as I am grief-stricken at heart.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā
• Bees (bhramara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is truthful remembrance and purity: Sītā is recalled through her auspicious adornment, and Rāma’s search remains anchored in reverence rather than rage.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma addresses the tilaka tree, using the natural scene (bees humming) as a sign of presence and possible ‘knowledge’ of Sītā’s passage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverent love—he remembers Sītā through auspicious, dignified details consistent with her character.