Shloka 19

षष्ठस्सर्गः — तपस्विरक्षणे राजधर्मोपदेशः

Sarga 6: The Sages’ Appeal and Instruction on Royal Duty

Devanagari script

ततस्त्वां शरणार्थं च शरण्यं समुपस्थिताः।परिपालय नो राम वध्यमानान्निशाचरैः।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tvāṃ śaraṇārthaṃ ca śaraṇyaṃ samupasthitāḥ | paripālaya no rāma vadhyamānān niśācaraiḥ ||

Translation

เพราะเหตุนั้น พวกเราจึงมาหาท่าน—ผู้ควรเป็นที่พึ่งอันประเสริฐ—เพื่อขอความคุ้มครอง โอ้พระราม โปรดพิทักษ์พวกเราผู้กำลังถูกนิศาจร ผู้ท่องราตรี เข่นฆ่า

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (temporal adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय-रूपम्)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारः—सम्बन्ध/कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (indeclinable adverb: then/thereafter)

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: कर्म (object of ‘approached’/‘protect’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे (सर्वनाम); द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (accusative singular: you)

• शरणार्थम्: for refuge; for protection
• शरणार्थम्: प्रयोजन/हेतु (purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरण (प्रातिपदिकम्) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शरणस्य अर्थः = शरणार्थः); नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (accusative singular: for the purpose of refuge)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्ययम्)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारः—समुच्चय-बोधक-निपातः (conjunction: and)

• शरण्यम्: worthy of refuge; protector
• शरण्यम्: विशेषण (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरण्य (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: विशेषणम्; पुंलिङ्गम्; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (accusative singular, qualifying ‘त्वाम्’)

• समुपस्थिताः: (we) have approached; have come
• समुपस्थिताः: कर्ता (agent: ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + उप + √स्था (धातुः) → उपस्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: भूतकालिक-कर्तरि कृदन्तः (past active participle); पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् (nominative plural: having approached/come)

• परिपालय: protect
• परिपालय: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + √पाल् (धातुः)
• Form: लोट्-लकारः (imperative); मध्यम-पुरुषः; एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् (protect!)

• नः: us; our
• नः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (beneficiary/possessor with ‘protect’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् (genitive plural enclitic: of us/our)

• राम: O Rama
• राम: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् (vocative singular)

• वध्यमानान्: being killed; being slain
• वध्यमानान्: कर्म (object of ‘protect’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √वध् (धातुः) → वध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिक-कर्तरि/कर्मणि कृदन्तः (present passive participle: being slain); पुंलिङ्गम्; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् (accusative plural, qualifying implied ‘नः’ = ‘us’)

• निशाचरैः: by the night-stalkers; by demons
• निशाचरैः: करण (agent/instrument in passive sense: by demons)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशा (प्रातिपदिकम्) + चर (प्रातिपदिकम्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (निशायां चरन्ति इति); पुंलिङ्गम्; तृतीया-विभक्तिः; बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural: by night-wanderers)

Context

O Rama, you are worthy of refuge. Hence we have come to you seeking your protection. We are being killed by the nightstalkers. Save us.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Niśācaras (rākṣasas)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Śaraṇāgati: when the righteous are harmed, seeking refuge in a protector aligned with dharma is legitimate; the protector’s duty is to respond.

What is the narrative situation?

The sages explicitly request Rāma’s protection, stating they are under deadly attack from niśācaras.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s role as ‘śaraṇya’—one who gives refuge—underscoring compassion joined with responsibility.