Shloka 1

सीताविलापः रावणनिन्दा च

Sita’s Lament and Condemnation of Ravana

Devanagari script

खमुत्पतन्तं तं दृष्ट्वा मैथिली जनकात्मजा।दुःखिता परमोद्विग्ना भये महति वर्तिनी।।3.53.1।।

Transliteration

kham utpatantaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā maithilī janakātmajā |

duḥkhitā paramodvignā bhaye mahati vartinī || 3.53.1 ||

Translation

ครั้นนางไมถิลี ธิดาแห่งพระชนก เห็นเขาทะยานขึ้นสู่ท้องฟ้า ก็โศกเศร้า สะทกสะท้านยิ่งนัก และตกอยู่ในความหวาดกลัวใหญ่หลวง

Word by Word

• रोषरोदनताम्राक्षी: whose eyes were reddened by anger and weeping
• रोषरोदनताम्राक्षी: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रोष-रोदन-ताम्र-अक्षि (प्रातिपदिक; रोष + रोदन + ताम्र + अक्षि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (यस्याः अक्षिणी रोषरोदनाभ्यां ताम्रे) विशेषणम् (qualifying सीता)

• भीमाक्षम्: terrible-eyed
• भीमाक्षम्: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम-अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; भीम + अक्ष)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषणम् (qualifying राक्षसाधिपम्)

• राक्षसाधिपम्: lord of the rākṣasas
• राक्षसाधिपम्: सम्प्रदान (सम्प्रदानकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस-अधिप (प्रातिपदिक; राक्षस + अधिप)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (राक्षसानाम् अधिपः)

• रुदन्ती: weeping
• रुदन्ती: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुद् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying सीता)

• करुणम्: piteously
• करुणम्: सम्बन्ध (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: करुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverbial accusative) ‘piteously’

• सीता: Sītā
• सीता: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ह्रियमाणा: being carried away
• ह्रियमाणा: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying सीता)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘this (speech)’

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Sita, daughter of Janaka, princess of Mithila felt miserable, looking at Ravana taking off and got very much agitated out of fear.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (Maithilī, Janakātmajā)
• Janaka
• Rāvaṇa (implied by context: the one flying)
• kha (sky)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames abduction as adharma by emphasizing the victim’s fear and distress; dharma requires protection, not terrorizing the innocent.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa has taken Sītā and is ascending into the sky with her; she realizes the immediacy of separation and danger.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s human vulnerability is foregrounded, which in turn highlights her moral innocence and the injustice of the act.