Shloka 43

सीताहरण

विलापः / The Lament at Jatāyu and the Abduction of Sītā

Devanagari script

तां तु लक्ष्मण रामेति क्रोशन्तीं मधुरस्वरम्।।3.52.42।।अवेक्षमाणां बहुशो वैदेहीं धरणीतलम्।स तामाकुलकेशान्तां विप्रमृष्टविशेषकाम्।।3.52.43।।जहारात्म विनाशाय दशग्रीवो मनस्स्विनीम्।

Transliteration

supravēpita-gātrāś ca babhūvur vana-devatāḥ |

vikrōśantīṃ dṛḍhaṃ sītāṃ dṛṣṭvā duḥkhaṃ tathā gatām ||

Translation

เหล่าเทวดาแห่งพงไพรสั่นสะท้านทั่วกาย; ครั้นเห็นนางสีตาร้องครวญครางอย่างแรงและตกอยู่ในทุกข์ใหญ่ ก็พากันหวั่นไหว

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: सम्बन्ध (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb) ‘then’

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• सा: she
• सा: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• चारुदती: having beautiful teeth
• चारुदती: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु-दती (प्रातिपदिक; चारु + दती)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषणम् (qualifying सा/मैथिली)

• शुचिस्मिता: with a pure/bright smile
• शुचिस्मिता: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि-स्मित (प्रातिपदिक; शुचि + स्मित)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषणम्

• विनाकृता: separated/deprived
• विनाकृता: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + ना + कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘made without/separated’

• बन्धुजनेन: by (her) kinsfolk
• बन्धुजनेन: करण (करणकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धु-जन (प्रातिपदिक; बन्धु + जन)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (बन्धूनां जनः)

• मैथिली: Maithilī (Sītā)
• मैथिली: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सा इत्यस्य अप्पोजिशन

• अपश्यती: not seeing
• अपश्यती: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) ‘not seeing’, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-समासार्थे ‘a-’ (a-paśyatī)

• राघवलक्ष्मणौ: Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa
• राघवलक्ष्मणौ: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव-लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक; राघव + लक्ष्मण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa)

• उभौ: both
• उभौ: कर्म (कर्मकारक)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying राघवलक्ष्मणौ)

• विवर्णवक्त्राभयभारपीडिता: with pale face, oppressed by the weight of fear
• विवर्णवक्त्राभयभारपीडिता: कर्तृ (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विवर्ण-वक्त्र-अभय-भार-पीडित (प्रातिपदिक; विवर्ण + वक्त्र + अभय + भार + पीडित)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (भयभारैः पीडिता; विवर्णं वक्त्रं यस्याः) विशेषणम् (qualifying मैथिली)

Context

The ten headed Ravana abducted Sita who was calling out, O Rama, O Lakshmana with her sweet voice, weeping , looking down on the earth her hair dishevelled and auspicious, (vermilion) mark on the forehead erased. Ravana abducted this highminded Sita for his own destruction.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Forest deities (vanadevatāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is presented as something upheld and recognized by divine and natural orders; their trembling signals that adharma provokes moral shock across realms.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā’s cries and suffering during abduction cause even the forest deities to react with fear and grief.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sītā’s steadfastness in calling out for help (and not consenting), reinforcing her integrity amid coercion.