Shloka 13

मारीचोपदेश

प्रतिषेधः / Ravana Rejects Maricha’s Counsel and Orders the Golden Deer Deception

Devanagari script

औष्ण्यं तथा विक्रमं च सौम्यं दण्डं प्रसन्नताम्।धारयन्ति महात्मानो राजानः क्षणदाचर।।3.40.13।।तस्मात्सर्वास्ववस्थासु मान्याः पूज्याश्च पार्थिवाः।

Transliteration

auṣṇyaṃ tathā vikramaṃ ca saumyaṃ daṇḍaṃ prasannatām |

dhārayanti mahātmāno rājānaḥ kṣaṇadācara ||

tasmāt sarvāsv avasthāsu mānyāḥ pūjyāś ca pārthivāḥ |

Translation

โอ้ผู้ท่องราตรี มหากษัตริย์ผู้มีจิตยิ่งใหญ่ทรงมีความร้อนแรง ความกล้าหาญ ความอ่อนโยน ทัณฑ์เพื่อระเบียบ และพระเมตตาอันผ่องใส ดังนั้น ไม่ว่าในกาลใด สรรพกษัตริย์แห่งแผ่นดินย่อมควรแก่ความเคารพและสักการะ

Word by Word

• auṣṇyam: heat; warmth
• auṣṇyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: auṣṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise; similarly
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connecting adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• vikramam: valor; prowess
• vikramam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• saumyam: gentleness; mildness
• saumyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saumya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• daṇḍam: punishment; authority
• daṇḍam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prasannatām: serenity; graciousness
• prasannatām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prasannatā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• dhārayanti: they bear/possess
• dhārayanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhṛ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mahātmānaḥ: great-souled
• mahātmānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); compound: mahā + ātmā (महान् + आत्मा)

• rājānaḥ: kings
• rājānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• kṣaṇadācara: O night-roamer (demon)
• kṣaṇadācara: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣaṇadā + cara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); compound: kṣaṇadāyāḥ caraḥ (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• tasmāt: therefore
• tasmāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tasmāt (अव्यय/तस्मात्-प्रयोगः)
• Form: Ablatival adverb (तस्मात्-प्रभव अव्यय), causal/inferential particle

• sarvāsu: in all
• sarvāsu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• avasthāsu: in conditions/states
• avasthāsu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avasthā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• mānyāḥ: worthy of respect
• mānyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mānya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• pūjyāḥ: worthy of worship/reverence
• pūjyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūjya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• pārthivāḥ: kings; rulers
• pārthivāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārthiva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

Great kings possess heat, (of the fire-god), valour (of Indra), coolness (of the Moon), command (of Varuna) and grace (of the Lord of death). Therefore kings at all stages deserve respect and reverence.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Mārīca
• Kings (rājānaḥ, pārthivāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Kingship is a dharmic office requiring both firmness (daṇḍa) and compassion (prasāda); society honors rulers because they must uphold order through these balanced powers.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa continues his justification for why Mārīca should speak deferentially, describing the ideal attributes of rulers.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Balanced governance—knowing when to be stern and when to be gentle.