Shloka 18

विराधवधः

The Slaying (Burial) of Viradha

Devanagari script

अनुपस्थीयमानो मां स क्रुद्धो व्याजहार ह।इति वैश्रवणो राजा रम्भासक्तमुवाच ह।।।।

Transliteration

anupasthīyamāno māṃ sa kruddho vyājahāra ha |

iti vaiśravaṇo rājā rambhāsaktam uvāca ha ||

Translation

เมื่อข้ามิได้เข้าไปเฝ้าปรนนิบัติ เขาก็พิโรธและกล่าวดังนี้—พระราชาไวศรวณะ (กุเบร) ได้ตรัสแก่ข้า เพราะข้าหลงใหลในนางรัมภา

Word by Word

• अनुपस्थीयमानः: not being attended
• अनुपस्थीयमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-उप-स्था (धातु) + यमान (कृदन्त, शानच्)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त (Present passive participle/शानच्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थः 'not being attended upon'

• माम्: to me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (सः)

• व्याजहार: spoke
• व्याजहार: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-आ-हृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed
• ह: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (emphatic)

• इति: thus
• इति: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-निपात (quotative particle)

• वैश्रवणः: Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)
• वैश्रवणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वैश्रवणः इति समानाधिकरण

• रम्भासक्तम्: one attached to Rambhā
• रम्भासक्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रम्भा (प्रातिपदिक) + आसक्त (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समासः रम्भायाम् आसक्तः (सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ह: indeed
• ह: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (emphatic)

Context

When king Kubera saw me absent (from duty) as I was infatuated with Rambha, he got angry and cursed me.

Characters & Entities

• Kubera (Vaiśravaṇa)
• Rambhā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Neglect of duty under the pull of desire leads to downfall; dharma requires steadiness in one’s responsibilities and self-restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

Virādha explains that Kubera cursed him because he neglected service, being absorbed in Rambhā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, the virtue implied is discipline—control over passion so that obligations are not abandoned.