Shloka 33

अष्टत्रिंशः सर्गः — मारीचोपदेशः

Maricha’s Warning and the Memory of Rama’s Power

Devanagari script

निवार्यमाणस्सुहृदा मया भृशं प्रसह्य सीतां यदि धर्षयिष्यसि।गमिष्यसि क्षीणबलस्सबान्धवो यमक्षयं रामशरात्तजीवितः।।3.38.33।।

Transliteration

nivāryamāṇaḥ suhṛdā mayā bhṛśaṃ prasahya sītāṃ yadi dharṣayiṣyasi | gamiṣyasi kṣīṇabalaḥ sabāndhavo yamakṣayaṃ rāmaśarāt tajīvitaḥ || 3.38.33 ||

Translation

แม้ข้าผู้หวังดีจะห้ามปรามเจ้าอย่างหนักหน่วง หากเจ้ากลับยังบังอาจล่วงละเมิดนางสีดาด้วยกำลัง ชีวิตเจ้าจะถูกพรากด้วยศรของพระราม และเจ้าพร้อมญาติพี่น้อง เมื่อสิ้นเรี่ยวแรงแล้ว จักไปสู่แดนพระยม

Word by Word

• निवार्यमाणः: being restrained
• निवार्यमाणः: Karta (कर्ता) (of main clause, implied त्वम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि + वारय् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle/शानच्-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थ (being restrained)

• सुहृदा: by a friend
• सुहृदा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr. 3), एकवचन

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया, एकवचन

• भृशम्: greatly
• भृशम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• प्रसह्य: having forced/forcibly
• प्रसह्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र + सह् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय

• सीताम्: Sita
• सीताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्तबोधक-अव्यय

• धर्षयिष्यसि: you will violate/assault
• धर्षयिष्यसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृष्/धर्षय् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• गमिष्यसि: you will go
• गमिष्यसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• क्षीणबलः: with diminished strength
• क्षीणबलः: Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षीण + बल (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (to त्वम्)

• स: with
• स: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्गसदृश; here as prefix in compound)
• Form: सह-अर्थक उपपद (prefix meaning 'with')

• बान्धवः: along with (your) kinsmen
• बान्धवः: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (समासार्थे) 'स-बान्धवः' = with kinsmen

• यमक्षयम्: to Yama's abode
• यमक्षयम्: Karma (कर्म) (gati-karman)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गन्तव्यस्थान (destination)

• रामशरात्: from Rama's arrows
• रामशरात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम + शर (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Abl. 5), एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (to जीवितम्)

• जीवितः: deprived of life
• जीवितः: Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीवित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (अर्थतः) 'जीवित-वर्जितः' life-deprived (elliptic usage)

Context

If you wish to enjoy your beautiful wives and your good friends for long, do not create enmity with Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Mārīca
• Rāvaṇa
• Sītā
• Rāma
• Yama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Forcible violation of a woman is extreme adharma and invites certain destruction; dharma protects the innocent and ensures moral retribution.

What is the narrative situation?

Mārīca gives a final, explicit consequence: if Rāvaṇa abducts/assaults Sītā despite counsel, Rāma will kill him and his kin.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courageous truth-telling: Mārīca risks displeasing a powerful king to speak what is right and necessary.