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Shloka 29

खररामयुद्धम् — The Battle of Khara and Rama

Aranya Kanda, Sarga 28

ततोऽस्य युगमेकेन चतुर्भिश्चतुरो हयान्।षष्ठेन तु शिरस्सङ्ख्ये खरस्य रथसारथेः।।।।त्रिभिस्त्रिवेणुं बलवान्द्वाभ्यामक्षं महाबलः।द्वादशेन तु बाणेन खरस्य सशरं धनुः।।।।छित्वा वज्रनिकाशेन राघवः प्रहसन्निव।त्रयोदशेनेन्द्रसमो बिभेद समरे खरम्।।।।

tato 'sya yugam ekena caturbhiś caturō hayān |

ṣaṣṭhena tu śiras saṅkhye kharasya rathasāratheḥ ||

tribhis trivēṇuṃ balavān dvābhyām akṣaṃ mahābalaḥ |

dvādaśena tu bāṇena kharasya saśaraṃ dhanuḥ ||

chitvā vajra-nikāśena rāghavaḥ prahasann iva |

trayodaśenendra-samo bibhēda samare kharam ||

แล้วราฆวะผู้เกรียงไกรดุจพระอินทร์ ทรงยิงศรดอกเดียวทำลายคานแอกแห่งรถของขระ; ด้วยสี่ดอกทรงสังหารม้าทั้งสี่; และด้วยดอกที่หกทรงตัดศีรษะสารถีของขระกลางสมรภูมิ ด้วยสามดอกทรงหักเสารถ ด้วยสองดอกทรงทำลายเพลา และด้วยศรดอกที่สิบสองทรงทำให้คันธนูของขระพร้อมทั้งลูกศรแตกกระจาย ครั้นประหนึ่งทรงแย้มสรวล ด้วยศรดอกที่สิบสามอันแข็งดุจวัชระ ราฆวะผู้เสมอพระอินทร์ก็ทรงแทงทะลุขระในศึก

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya, adverb
asyaof him (his)
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; refers to khara
yugamyoke
yugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
ekenawith one
ekena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Ekavacana; numeral instrumental; (with one [arrow])
caturbhiḥwith four
caturbhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; numeral instrumental; (with four [arrows])
caturofour
caturo:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; numeral adjective to hayān
hayānhorses
hayān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana
ṣaṣṭhenawith the sixth
ṣaṣṭhena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootṣaṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Ekavacana; ordinal instrumental; (with the sixth [arrow])
tuand/then
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle
śiraḥhead
śiraḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
saṅkhyein battle
saṅkhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṅkhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
kharasyaof Khara
kharasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
ratha-sāratheḥof the charioteer
ratha-sāratheḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक) + sārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa 'chariot-charioteer' = charioteer of the chariot
tribhiḥwith three
tribhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; (with three [arrows])
triveṇumthe triple-pole (main pole)
triveṇum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottriveṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; (chariot pole)
balavānstrong
balavān:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbalavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to rāghavaḥ
dvābhyāmwith two
dvābhyām:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Dvivacana; (with two [arrows])
akṣamaxle
akṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
mahābalaḥvery powerful
mahābalaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā-bala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya 'greatly strong'; adjective to rāghavaḥ
dvādaśenawith the twelfth
dvādaśena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvādaśa (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Ekavacana; ordinal-like instrumental 'with the twelfth [arrow]'
tuand
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle
bāṇenawith an arrow
bāṇena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana
kharasyaof Khara
kharasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
saśaramwith its arrow(s)
saśaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय-सह) + śara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; adjective to dhanuḥ; 'together with arrow(s)' (सह-अर्थ)
dhanuḥbow
dhanuḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdhanu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
chitvāhaving cut
chitvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√chid (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
FormGerund/absolutive (क्त्वान्त), avyaya usage; 'having cut'
vajra-nikāśenawith a thunderbolt-like (arrow)
vajra-nikāśena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvajra (प्रातिपदिक) + nikāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga/napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa 'diamond/thunderbolt-like'; instrumental qualifying (understood) bāṇena
rāghavaḥRaghava (Rama)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
prahāsanlaughing
prahāsan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-√has (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
FormŚatṛ-present participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; used with iva; 'laughing'
ivaas if
iva:
Upamādyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, comparison particle
trayodaśenawith the thirteenth
trayodaśena:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Roottrayodaśa (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormTṛtīyā, Ekavacana; instrumental 'with the thirteenth [arrow]'
indra-samaḥIndra-like
indra-samaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक) + sama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa 'equal to Indra'; adjective to rāghavaḥ
bibhedapierced/split
bibheda:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhid (धातु)
FormLiṭ (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada
samarein battle
samare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsamara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
kharamKhara
kharam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkhara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

Rama, like Indra, strong and mighty, broke the yoke of Khara's chariot with one arrow, the four horses with four arrows, and with the sixth the charioteer's head, with three others the main pole of the chariot, with two the axle of the chariot, and with the twelfth Khara's bow and arrows were splintered. As if laughing at him, he pierced Khara's body with the thirteenth arrow.

R
Rama (Rāghava)
K
Khara
I
Indra
H
horses
C
charioteer
B
bow
A
arrows

FAQs

Righteous force is portrayed as precise and proportionate: Rama disables the enemy’s war-capability step by step, embodying disciplined kṣatriya-dharma rather than chaotic violence.

Rama methodically dismantles Khara’s chariot-system—yoke, horses, charioteer, pole, axle, bow—then finally wounds Khara with the thirteenth arrow.

Strategic mastery and composure under pressure: Rama’s controlled sequencing of strikes demonstrates superior judgment in combat.