Shloka 2

दूषणवधः

The Slaying of Dūṣaṇa and the Rout of Khara’s Host

Devanagari script

ते शूलैः पट्टिशैः खङ्गै शिलावर्षैर्द्रुमैरपि।।।।शरवर्षैरविच्छिन्नं ववर्षुस्तं समन्ततः।

Transliteration

te śūlaiḥ paṭṭiśaiḥ khaṅgaiḥ śilāvarṣair drumair api |

śaravarṣair avicchinnaṃ vavarṣus taṃ samantataḥ ||

Translation

พวกเขากระหน่ำใส่เขาจากทุกทิศไม่ขาดสาย—ด้วยหอก ปัฏฏิสะ ดาบ ฝนก้อนศิลา แม้กระทั่งต้นไม้ และสายฝนแห่งศรที่โปรยไม่หยุด

Word by Word

• tē: they
• tē: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• śūlaiḥ: with spears
• śūlaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (प्रायः), तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• paṭṭiśaiḥ: with battle-axes/hatchets
• paṭṭiśaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṭṭiśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• khaṅgaiḥ: with swords
• khaṅgaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: khaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• śilāvarṣaiḥ: with showers of stones
• śilāvarṣaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śilā + varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (शिलानां वर्षः = shower of stones); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• drumaiḥ: with trees
• drumaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: druma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• api: also
• api: सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्धक (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle: also/even)

• śaravarṣaiḥ: with showers of arrows
• śaravarṣaiḥ: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śara + varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (शराणां वर्षः = shower of arrows); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• avicchinnam: uninterrupted
• avicchinnam: क्रिया-विशेषण (Adverbial qualifier: uninterruptedly)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a + vicchinna (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (√chid + vi + क्त = vicchinna; with privative a-); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'वर्षम्/वर्षणम्' (understood) इति विशेषण

• vavarṣuḥ: rained down
• vavarṣuḥ: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vṛṣ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• tam: him
• tam: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• samantataḥ: from all sides
• samantataḥ: देश-क्रियाविशेषण (Spatial adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samantatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: from all sides)

Context

The demons continuously hurled at him (Rama) spears and swords and rained stones, trees and arrows from all sides

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• śūla (spear)
• khaṅga (sword)
• śilā (stones)
• druma (trees)
• śara (arrows)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Steadfastness under pressure: dharma often stands firm amid overwhelming hostility; the verse depicts the scale of assault that righteous endurance must withstand.

What is the narrative situation?

A group of rākṣasas attack Rāma from all sides, hurling multiple kinds of weapons and projectiles continuously.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s resilience and unwavering commitment to protect, despite being surrounded and heavily attacked.