Shloka 25

शूर्पणखाया आगमनम्

Surpanakha Approaches Rama

Devanagari script

तानहं समतिक्रान्ता राम त्वा पूर्वदर्शनात्।।।।समुपेतास्मि भावेन भर्तारं पुरुषोत्तमम्।

Transliteration

tān ahaṃ samatikrāntā rāma tvā pūrvadarśanāt | samupetāsmi bhāvena bhartāraṃ puruṣottamam ||

Translation

โอ้พระราม ครั้นได้เห็นพระองค์แต่แรก ข้าพเจ้าก็ละทิ้งสิ่งทั้งปวง แล้วมาด้วยใจมุ่งมั่น เพื่อแสวงหาพระองค์ ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งบุรุษ ให้เป็นสวามีของข้าพเจ้า

Word by Word

• तान्: them
• तान्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masculine, accusative case, plural); सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तम-पुरुषे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (1st person pronoun, nominative, singular)

• समतिक्रान्ता: having transgressed / having crossed over
• समतिक्रान्ता: कर्ता (agent; participial predicate of अहम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + अति + क्रम् (धातु) → समतिक्रान्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले कृदन्तः (past participle, -ta); स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine, nominative, singular); कर्तरि प्रयोगे ‘having crossed/transgressed’

• राम: O Rama
• राम: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन-प्रथमा एकवचनम् (masculine, vocative, singular)

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: कर्म (object; of समुपेतास्मि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यम-पुरुषे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (2nd person pronoun, accusative, singular)

• पूर्वदर्शनात्: from/after the first sight (as soon as I saw before)
• पूर्वदर्शनात्: अपादान (source/cause: ‘from/after the first sight’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्व + दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक) [पूर्व (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) + दर्शन (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिक)]
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (determinative: ‘earlier/first’ + ‘seeing’); नपुंसकलिङ्गे पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (neuter, ablative, singular); हेतौ/कारणे (ablative of cause/time-from)

• समुपेता: having approached
• समुपेता: कर्ता (agent; participial predicate of अहम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + उप + इ (धातु) → समुपेत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकाले कृदन्तः (past participle, -ta); स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (feminine, nominative, singular); ‘approached/come near’

• अस्मि: am
• अस्मि: क्रिया (finite verb; links predicate to अहम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, उत्तम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् (present indicative, 1st person, singular)

• भावेन: with (that) feeling / in that attitude
• भावेन: करण (instrument/manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine, instrumental, singular); साधन/प्रकारे (instrumental of manner/feeling)

• भर्तारम्: husband
• भर्तारम्: कर्म (object-complement / उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine, accusative, singular); ‘as (my) husband’ (object-complement sense with approach)

• पुरुषोत्तमम्: best of men
• पुरुषोत्तमम्: कर्म (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरुष + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक) [पुरुष (पुं) + उत्तम (विशेषण)]
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः/उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (sense: ‘best among men’); पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masculine, accusative, singular); भर्तारम्/त्वाम् इति विशेषणम्

Context

Setting them aside, I came here, as soon as I saw you. You are the finest among men and I am here wishing you to be my husband.

Characters & Entities

• Śūrpaṇakhā
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It foregrounds a dharma-conflict: uncontrolled desire seeks to override social and moral boundaries, challenging the ideal of restraint central to maryādā.

What is the narrative situation?

Śūrpaṇakhā openly proposes marriage to Rāma, declaring she disregards her own kin due to sudden attraction.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast (implicitly), the need for self-restraint and propriety in relationships.