Shloka 12

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

निवृत्ताकाशशयनाः पुष्यनीता हिमारुणाः।शीता वृद्धतरायामास्त्रियामा यान्ति साम्प्रतम्।।।।

Transliteration

nivṛttākāśaśayanāḥ puṣyanītā himāruṇāḥ | śītā vṛddhatarāyāmās triyāmā yānti sāmpratam ||

Translation

บัดนี้ผู้คนเลิกนอนใต้ฟ้าโล่ง; ครั้นเดือนปุษยะใกล้มา ราตรีก็หนาวยิ่งขึ้น มีสีแดงเรื่อจากน้ำค้างแข็ง และยืดยาวไปถึงสามยาม

Word by Word

• निवृत्त-आकाश-शयनाः: (nights) when sleeping in the open sky has ceased
• निवृत्त-आकाश-शयनाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निवृत्त (कृदन्त; वृत् धातु) + आकाश (प्रातिपदिक) + शयन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (for रात्रयः implied); निवृत्त = भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (PPP)

• पुष्य-नीताः: brought/led by (the season of) Puṣya; Puṣya having arrived
• पुष्य-नीताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुष्य (प्रातिपदिक; नक्षत्र/मास) + नीत (कृदन्त; नी धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्; नीत = भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (PPP)

• हिम-अरुणाः: reddened by frost
• हिम-अरुणाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिम (प्रातिपदिक) + अरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• शीताः: cold
• शीताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• वृद्धतर-आयामाः: having longer duration
• वृद्धतर-आयामाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्धतर (प्रातिपदिक) + आयाम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्; वृद्धतर = तृतीय-तुलनात्मक (comparative)

• त्रियामाः: three-yāma nights
• त्रियामाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (संख्या) + याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; कर्तृपदम् (subject)

• यान्ति: go/pass (into)
• यान्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• साम्प्रतम्: now
• साम्प्रतम्: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साम्प्रतम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम्

Context

With the radiance of the Sun dimmed, with its orb reddened by frost, the moon does not shine clear like a mirror blurred with breath.

Characters & Entities

• Puṣya (month/seasonal marker)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It underscores prudent conduct (yukta-ācāra): recognizing seasonal hardship and adapting one’s habits responsibly, without negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

A winter-time marker: Puṣya approaches; nights become longer and colder, affecting how people live and rest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical wisdom and attentiveness—knowing time (kāla) and acting appropriately.