Shloka 11

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

मृदुसूर्यास्सनीहाराः पटुशीतास्समारुताः।शून्यारण्या हिमध्वस्ता दिवसा भान्तिसाम्प्रतम्।।।।

Transliteration

mṛdusūryāḥ sanīhārāḥ paṭuśītāḥ samārutāḥ | śūnyāraṇyā himadhvastā divasā bhānti sāmpratam ||

Translation

บัดนี้วันทั้งหลายดูประหนึ่งต้องน้ำค้างแข็ง: แสงอาทิตย์อ่อนละมุน หมอกน้ำค้างหนาทึบ ลมพัดพาความหนาวคมกริบ และพงไพรดูว่างเปล่าเงียบสงัด

Word by Word

• मृदु-सूर्याः: having mild sun
• मृदु-सूर्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृदु (प्रातिपदिक) + सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (for दिवसाः)

• स-नीहाराः: with dew/mist
• स-नीहाराः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थक 'with') + नीहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्; सहार्थक-समासः (with dew/mist)

• पटु-शीताः: sharply cold
• पटु-शीताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पटु (प्रातिपदिक) + शीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• स-मारुताः: with wind/breeze
• स-मारुताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय 'with') + मारुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्; सहार्थक-समासः (with breeze)

• शून्य-अरण्याः: with forests empty (no movement)
• शून्य-अरण्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शून्य (प्रातिपदिक) + अरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (for दिवसाः); अर्थः: अरण्येषु शून्यता (emptiness in forests)

• हिम-ध्वस्ताः: struck/ruined by frost
• हिम-ध्वस्ताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिम (प्रातिपदिक) + ध्वस्त (कृदन्त; ध्वंस् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः (past passive participle) ध्वस्त; विशेषणम्

• दिवसाः: days
• दिवसाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; कर्ता

• भान्ति: shine/appear
• भान्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (Present), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd), बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• साम्प्रतम्: now; at present
• साम्प्रतम्: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साम्प्रतम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb)

Context

At this time people do not sleep under the open sky. With the month of Pushya approaching, nights feel cool and look red due to frost. They prolong into three yamas.

Characters & Entities

• forest (araṇya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is endurance and right living amid hardship: even as nature turns severe, the exiles remain observant, composed, and aligned with their chosen duty.

What is the narrative situation?

A description of winter conditions in the forest during the exile period—frost, dew, wind, and the stillness of the wilderness.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Forbearance (titikṣā) and calm attentiveness to one’s surroundings while maintaining righteous resolve.