Shloka 53

Devanagari script

विविक्तेषु च तीर्थेषु कृतस्नाना द्विजातयः।।।।पुष्पोपहारं कुर्वन्ति कुसुमैस्स्वयमर्जितै।

Transliteration

vivikteṣu ca tīrtheṣu kṛta-snānā dvijātayaḥ ||

puṣpopahāraṃ kurvanti kusumaiḥ svayam arjitaiḥ |

Translation

ณ ตีรถะอันสงัด เหล่าทวิชะเมื่ออาบน้ำศักดิ์สิทธิ์เสร็จแล้ว ย่อมน้อมถวายพุษโปปหาระ คือเครื่องบูชาด้วยดอกไม้ที่ตนเก็บมาด้วยตนเอง

Word by Word

• विविक्तेषु: in secluded (places)
• विविक्तेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), बहुवचन; तीर्थेषु इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• तीर्थेषु: at sacred fords/places
• तीर्थेषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), बहुवचन

• कृतस्नानाः: having bathed
• कृतस्नानाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत+स्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कृतं स्नानं येषाम्/कृतस्नानः = having bathed)

• द्विजातयः: twice-born (Brahmins)
• द्विजातयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि+जाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (द्विजाः जातयः/द्विजातयः = twice-born people)

• पुष्पोपहारम्: offering of flowers
• पुष्पोपहारम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुष्प+उपहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पुष्पाणाम् उपहारः)

• कुर्वन्ति: they do, make
• कुर्वन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन

• कुसुमैः: with flowers
• कुसुमैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुसुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), बहुवचन

• स्वयम्: by themselves
• स्वयम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• अर्जितैः: collected/obtained
• अर्जितैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्जित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; कुसुमैः इति विशेषणम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) from अर्ज् (to obtain) used adjectivally

Context

Priests are coming out of the solitary sacred spots after their bath and making offerings of flowers they had themselves plucked.

Characters & Entities

• tīrtha (sacred bathing spot)
• dvijāti (brahmins/twice-born)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Purity and sincerity in worship: bathing, self-gathered offerings, and simple devotion embody satya (genuineness) and dharma (right practice).

What is the narrative situation?

They witness ascetics/priests performing post-bath offerings at secluded holy spots near the hermitage.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respect for sacred customs and the valuing of simple, honest religious observance.