Shloka 4

The Duties and Conduct of the Graduate (Snātaka) and the Householder

Devanagari script

छत्रं चोष्णीषममलं पादुके चाप्युपानहौ । रौक्मे च कुंडले धार्ये कृत्तकेशनखः शुचिः

Transliteration

chatraṃ coṣṇīṣamamalaṃ pāduke cāpyupānahau | raukme ca kuṃḍale dhārye kṛttakeśanakhaḥ śuciḥ

Translation

พึงถือฉัตร และสวมอุษณีษะ (ผ้าโพกศีรษะ) อันบริสุทธิ์ไร้มลทิน; สวมปาทุกาและรองเท้าด้วย. พึงสวมตุ้มหูทอง ตัดผมและเล็บให้เรียบร้อย ดำรงตนให้สะอาดและผ่องใส.

Word by Word

• chatram: umbrella
• chatram: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: chatra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• uṣṇīṣam: turban/head-cloth
• uṣṇīṣam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: uṣṇīṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• amalam: clean, spotless
• amalam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: amala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular); viśeṣaṇa of uṣṇīṣam

• pāduke: a pair of sandals
• pāduke: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pādukā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Dvivacana (Dual)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; additive particle

• upānahau: a pair of shoes/footwear
• upānahau: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upānah (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Dvivacana (Dual)

• raukme: golden
• raukme: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: raukma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Dvivacana (Dual); viśeṣaṇa of kuṇḍale

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• kuṇḍale: a pair of earrings
• kuṇḍale: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuṇḍala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Dvivacana (Dual)

• dhārye: to be worn
• dhārye: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण/Predicative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Gerundive (ya-pratyaya; 'to be worn'); Napuṃsaka (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Dvivacana (Dual); predicate adjective for kuṇḍale

• kṛtta-keśa-nakhaḥ: having cut hair and nails
• kṛtta-keśa-nakhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛtta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + keśa (प्रातिपदिक) + nakha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (samāhāra/coordination within determinative: kṛttāḥ keśāḥ ca nakhāḥ yasya); Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)

• śuciḥ: pure/clean
• śuciḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śuci (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (Singular)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative injunction within Svarga-khaṇḍa; exact speaker not given in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: coṣṇīṣam → ca uṣṇīṣam; uṣṇīṣamamalam → uṣṇīṣam amalam; cāpyupānahau → ca api upānahau.

FAQs

What practice is this verse primarily teaching?

It teaches sādācāra (proper conduct), emphasizing cleanliness (śauca) and disciplined personal grooming alongside appropriate dress.

Why are cleanliness and grooming emphasized in Purāṇic dharma passages?

They are treated as outward supports for inner purity, self-restraint, and readiness for worship, social duties, and disciplined living.

Is the verse about luxury or about propriety?

The thrust is propriety and regulated conduct—maintaining cleanliness, suitable attire, and dignified appearance—rather than indulgence for its own sake.