Shloka 77

Brahmin Right Conduct: Morning Remembrance, Bathing, Purification, and Tarpaṇa Method

Devanagari script

दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोल्पायुरेव च । नरके नियतं वासो ह्यनाचारान्नरस्य च

Transliteration

duḥkhabhāgī ca satataṃ vyādhitolpāyureva ca | narake niyataṃ vāso hyanācārānnarasya ca

Translation

ผู้มีความประพฤติชั่ว ย่อมเป็นผู้ร่วมทุกข์อยู่เสมอ เจ็บป่วยเนืองนิตย์และอายุสั้น; และสำหรับผู้ไร้ศีลไร้อาจาระนั้น ที่อยู่ในนรกย่อมแน่นอน

Word by Word

• duḥkha-bhāgī: one who shares in suffering
• duḥkha-bhāgī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāgin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: duḥkhasya bhāgī (‘partaker of sorrow’); Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate with (implicit) puruṣaḥ/naraḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• satatam: always
• satatam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya; adverbial accusative (‘constantly’)

• vyādhitaḥ: diseased/afflicted
• vyādhitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-ā-√dhā (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘afflicted (by disease)’

• alpa-āyuḥ: short-lived
• alpa-āyuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: alpa (प्रातिपदिक) + āyus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya: alpam āyuḥ yasya / alpāyuḥ (‘short-lived’); Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (निपात-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasis ‘indeed/only’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• narake: in hell
• narake: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th), Singular

• niyatam: certain/fixed
• niyatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niyata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate adjective agreeing with vāsaḥ (treated as neuter sense ‘dwelling’/or adverbially ‘certainly’)

• vāsaḥ: dwelling/abode
• vāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsa (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (निपात-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphatic ‘indeed’

• anācārāt: from misconduct
• anācārāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: an-ācāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th), Singular; ‘from misconduct’

• narasya: of a man
• narasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial/teaching voice within Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: vyādhitolpāyur-eva = vyādhitaḥ + alpa-āyuḥ + eva (visarga sandhi: -aḥ + a- → -o-); hyanācārān = hi + anācārāt (hi + a- → hya-); anācārān narasya = anācārāt + narasya (t + n → nn by sandhi in recitation).

FAQs

What ethical lesson does this verse teach?

It warns that anācāra (immoral/undisciplined conduct) produces immediate suffering—disease, persistent misery, shortened life—and culminates in naraka (hellish states), emphasizing moral discipline as a protection.

Does the verse describe karmic results in this life or the next?

Both: it mentions worldly effects (constant sorrow, illness, short lifespan) and a post-mortem consequence (certain residence in naraka).

What is meant by “naraka” here?

Naraka is the Purāṇic term for hellish realms or states of suffering experienced as a consequence of harmful, unrighteous actions; the verse presents it as the assured outcome of sustained immoral conduct.