Shloka 24

Brahmin Right Conduct: Morning Remembrance, Bathing, Purification, and Tarpaṇa Method

Devanagari script

अतः परं च पानीयं यावद्धि प्रहरत्रयम् । तत्परं लोहितं प्रोक्तं यावदस्तंगतो रविः

Transliteration

ataḥ paraṃ ca pānīyaṃ yāvaddhi praharatrayam | tatparaṃ lohitaṃ proktaṃ yāvadastaṃgato raviḥ

Translation

หลังจากนั้น ตราบสามประหาระ น้ำนี้พึงถือว่าเป็นน้ำดื่มได้; ครั้นต่อไปจนตะวันลับฟ้า จึงกล่าวว่าเป็นสีแดงเรื่อ

Word by Word

• ataḥ: thereafter/from this point
• ataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• param: further/afterwards
• param: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya used adverbially (परम्)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction (समुच्चय)

• pānīyam: drinking-water
• pānīyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pānīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• yāvat: as long as/until
• yāvat: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, relative adverb (यावत्)

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, particle (निपात)

• prahara-trayam: three praharas
• prahara-trayam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prahara (प्रातिपदिक) + traya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; duration measure

• tat: then/thereupon
• tat: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya use of 'tat' as adverbial (तत्) in 'tat param' sense

• param: after that
• param: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya used adverbially (परम्)

• lohitam: red
• lohitam: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधानविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lohita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective to implied 'pānīyam'

• proktam: is declared
• proktam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√vac (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative Singular; predicative: 'is said'

• yāvat: until
• yāvat: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, relative adverb (यावत्)

• astaṃ-gataḥ: gone to setting (set)
• astaṃ-gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: asta (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (√gam धातु + क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; past participle used adjectivally qualifying 'raviḥ'

• raviḥ: the sun
• raviḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

Speaker

Unspecified (contextual narrator/teacher voice within Adhyaya 49; exact dialogue pair not provided in the input)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: yāvaddhi → yāvat hi; praharatrayam → prahara-trayam; tatparaṃ → tat param; yāvadastaṃgato → yāvat astaṃ-gataḥ

Characters & Entities

• Ravi (Sun)

FAQs

What time span is indicated by “three praharas” in this verse?

A prahara is a traditional Indian division of time; three praharas indicates a fixed daytime duration (commonly treated as roughly three-eighths of a day), used here to mark how long something remains considered potable.

Why is it said to become “reddish” until sunset?

The verse uses “lohita” (reddish) as a descriptive/ritual marker for a changed state after a set time threshold, lasting until the sun’s setting (raviḥ astaṃgataḥ).

What is the practical or ethical lesson conveyed here?

It emphasizes attentiveness to time and condition in daily conduct—especially regarding what is considered suitable or pure for use—encouraging disciplined, context-aware practice.