Shloka 130

Brahmin Right Conduct: Morning Remembrance, Bathing, Purification, and Tarpaṇa Method

Devanagari script

दानं प्रशस्तं मधुरा च वाणी देवार्चनं ब्राह्मणतर्पणं च । कार्पण्यवृत्तिस्वजनेषु निंदा कुचेलता नीचजनेषु भक्तिः

Transliteration

dānaṃ praśastaṃ madhurā ca vāṇī devārcanaṃ brāhmaṇatarpaṇaṃ ca | kārpaṇyavṛttisvajaneṣu niṃdā kucelatā nīcajaneṣu bhaktiḥ

Translation

ทานเป็นสิ่งน่าสรรเสริญ และวาจาอ่อนหวานก็น่ายกย่อง; การบูชาเทพ และการทำตัรปณะเพื่อเกื้อหนุนพราหมณ์ก็ด้วย. แต่ความตระหนี่ การนินทาญาติของตน การนุ่งห่มผ้าสกปรก และความภักดีต่อคนต่ำช้า—สิ่งเหล่านี้พึงละเว้น.

Word by Word

• दानम्: giving/charity
• दानम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन

• प्रशस्तम्: praiseworthy
• प्रशस्तम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रशस्त (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त, √शंस् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन; दानम् इति विशेषण

• मधुरा: sweet
• मधुरा: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन; वाणी इति विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• वाणी: speech
• वाणी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन

• देवार्चनम्: worship of the gods
• देवार्चनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्चन (प्रातिपदिक; √अर्च् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (देवानाम् अर्चनम्)

• ब्राह्मणतर्पणम्: satiating/feeding Brahmins
• ब्राह्मणतर्पणम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक) + तर्पण (प्रातिपदिक; √तृप् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (ब्राह्मणानां तर्पणम्)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• कार्पण्यवृत्तिस्वजनेषु: among one’s own people living in poverty
• कार्पण्यवृत्तिस्वजनेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्पण्य (प्रातिपदिक) + वृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + स्वजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7 विभक्ति), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष (कार्पण्यवृत्तौ स्वजनेषु)

• निन्दा: censure/blame
• निन्दा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निन्दा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन

• कुचेलता: wearing dirty rags/filthiness
• कुचेलता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुचेलता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन

• नीचजनेषु: among low people
• नीचजनेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नीच (प्रातिपदिक) + जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7 विभक्ति), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (नीचेषु जनेषु)

• भक्तिः: devotion/attachment
• भक्तिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified in the provided excerpt (context needed from Padma Purāṇa, Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa 49).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: No mandatory external sandhi beyond standard compounding: देवार्चनम्, ब्राह्मणतर्पणम्, कार्पण्यवृत्तिस्वजनेषु, नीचजनेषु.

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Brāhmaṇas

FAQs

What virtues does this verse praise in Padma Purāṇa (Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa 49.130)?

It praises charity (dāna), sweet speech (madhurā vāṇī), worship of the gods (devārcana), and acts that satisfy/benefit Brāhmaṇas (brāhmaṇa-tarpaṇa).

What behaviors does the verse warn against?

It cautions against miserliness, slandering one’s own relatives/companions, living in filthy/wretched clothing as a sign of degraded conduct, and misplaced devotion/attachment to base or immoral company.

What is the ethical lesson conveyed by this shloka?

Dharma is strengthened by generosity, respectful worship, and kind speech, while it is undermined by stinginess, divisive speech against one’s own people, and harmful associations—so one should cultivate virtues and avoid degrading attachments.