Shloka 20

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

दिनकार्यमशेषं हि कर्तव्यं शर्वरीमुखे । विधिरेष मया ख्यातो नराणामुपवासिनाम् ॥ २० ॥

Transliteration

dinakāryamaśeṣaṃ hi kartavyaṃ śarvarīmukhe | vidhireṣa mayā khyāto narāṇāmupavāsinām || 20 ||

Translation

เมื่อเริ่มต้นราตรี พึงทำกิจแห่งวันให้สิ้นครบถ้วน นี่คือข้อวัตรที่ข้าพเจ้าได้กล่าวไว้สำหรับผู้ถืออุปวาส (การถือศีลอด)

Word by Word

• dina-kāryam: the daytime duty
• dina-kāryam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक) + kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दिनस्य कार्यम्)

• aśeṣam: entire, without remainder
• aśeṣam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with kāryam

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात); emphasis/indeed

• kartavyam: must be done
• kartavyam: Vidheyabhāva (विधेय/Predicate obligation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (कृ धातु) + tavya (तव्य प्रत्यय)
• Form: Gerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; impersonal predicate: ‘is to be done’

• śarvarī-mukhe: at the beginning of night
• śarvarī-mukhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śarvarī (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शर्वर्याः मुखे)

• vidhiḥ: the rule
• vidhiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• eṣaḥ: this
• eṣaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Determiner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun (सर्वनाम)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Kartṛkaraṇa (कर्तृ-करण/Agent-instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; pronoun ‘I’

• khyātaḥ: declared, made known
• khyātaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: khyā (ख्या धातु) + ta (क्त प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; agrees with vidhiḥ

• narāṇām: of men
• narāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• upavāsinām: of those who are fasting
• upavāsinām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upavāsin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural; agent noun ‘one who fasts’

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It frames fasting (upavāsa) as disciplined sacred time: one should settle worldly daytime tasks first, so the night and the vow are kept with a steady, undistracted mind.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By prescribing order and restraint, it supports bhakti-practice: when duties are finished early, the fasting observer can devote the night to japa, remembrance, and worship without interruption.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It reflects practical ritual timing (kāla/niyama) used in vrata-vidhi—organizing actions by proper time (night’s commencement) to preserve purity and focus during observances.