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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 21

Saṃsāra-duḥkha: Karmic Descent, Garbhavāsa, Life’s Anxieties, Death, and the Call to Jñāna-Bhakti

यतस्तन्मातुः प्रसूतिसमये सति गर्भस्थोदेही नारदमुने वायुनापरिपीडितो मातुश्चापि दुःखं कुर्वन्कर्मपाशेन बलाद्योनिमार्गान्निष्क्रामन्सकलयातनाभोगमेककालभवमनुभवति ॥ २१ ॥

yatastanmātuḥ prasūtisamaye sati garbhasthodehī nāradamune vāyunāparipīḍito mātuścāpi duḥkhaṃ kurvankarmapāśena balādyonimārgānniṣkrāmansakalayātanābhogamekakālabhavamanubhavati || 21 ||

ฉะนั้น โอ้มุนีนารท! ในยามมารดาคลอดนั้น ผู้มีร่างกายในครรภ์ถูกลมปราณบีบคั้นทรมานยิ่ง และยังทำให้มารดาเจ็บปวดด้วย ถูกบ่วงกรรมบังคับให้เคลื่อนออกทางช่องกำเนิด และในชั่วขณะเดียวก็ประสบทุกขเวทนานานาประการอย่างครบถ้วน।

यतःbecause, since
यतः:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थक/यत्-सम्बन्ध (causal/relative adverb: 'because/wherefrom')
तत्that
तत्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन-सम्बन्धे (used as determiner with मातुः: 'of that')
मातुःof the mother
मातुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (Genitive singular)
प्रसूति-समयेat the time of delivery
प्रसूति-समये:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसूति-समय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (Locative singular)
सतिwhen (it) is/being
सति:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formसत्-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), सप्तमी एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
गर्भस्थःin the womb
गर्भस्थः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्भ-स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण
देहीthe embodied one
देही:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Nominative singular)
नारद-मुनेO sage Narada
नारद-मुने:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootनारद-मुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचन (Vocative singular)
वायुनāby the wind
वायुनā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवायु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
अपरिपीडितःnot oppressed (or: severely oppressed if read as 'aparipīḍita' = 'greatly pressed'; here taken as a- negation per text)
अपरिपीडितः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-परि-पीडित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (negation) + क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
मातुःof the mother
मातुः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन
and
:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक निपात
अपिalso
अपि:
Nipāta (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अप्यर्थ (also/even)
दुःखम्pain
दुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
कुर्वन्causing/doing
कुर्वन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
कर्मपाशेनby the noose of karma
कर्मपाशेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्म-पाश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (Instrumental singular)
बलात्forcibly
बलात्:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb)
योनि-मार्गात्from the birth-passage
योनि-मार्गात्:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि-मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी एकवचन (Ablative singular)
निष्क्रामन्coming out
निष्क्रामन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootनिस्-क्रम् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
सकलयातनाभोगम्the entire experience of torments
सकलयातनाभोगम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसकल-यातना-भोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Accusative singular)
एककालभवम्arising at one time (all at once)
एककालभवम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक-काल-भव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying 'अनुभव' understood / or the object)
अनुभवतिexperiences
अनुभवति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-भू (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

N
Narada

FAQs

It highlights the jīva’s helplessness under karma-pāśa at the very moment of birth, urging vairāgya (detachment) and a liberation-oriented life that seeks freedom from saṁsāra’s inevitable suffering.

By stressing that birth itself is driven by karma and pain, the verse indirectly motivates taking refuge in the Lord through bhakti as a means to loosen karma’s bondage and aim for mokṣa rather than repeated embodiment.

The verse references vāyu (prāṇa-vāyu), aligning with traditional Vedic/Āyurvedic and yogic physiology rather than a specific Vedāṅga; the practical takeaway is awareness of embodiment’s frailty, supporting disciplines like yoga and vrata as aids toward self-control and liberation.