Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 60

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

कुङाख्यातोनुदात्तेञ्च कुटाद्याः पूर्तिमागताः । पृङ् मृङ् चात्मनेभाषौ षट् परस्मैपदे रिपेः ॥ ६० ॥

Transliteration

kuṅākhyātonudātteñca kuṭādyāḥ pūrtimāgatāḥ | pṛṅ mṛṅ cātmanebhāṣau ṣaṭ parasmaipade ripeḥ || 60 ||

Translation

ธาตุ ‘คุง’ เมื่อใช้เป็นอาขยาต (รูปกริยา) จะใช้ด้วยสำเนียงอนุทาตตะ; และธาตุที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย ‘คุฏ’ ถือว่า “ครบถ้วน” ในการใช้. ‘ปฤง’ และ ‘มฤง’ ใช้ในอาตมเนปท ส่วนในความหมายว่า ‘ศัตรู’ (ริปุ) มีการใช้ในปรัสไมปทหกประการ।

Word by Word

• kuṅ-ākhyātaḥ: called ‘kuṅ’
• kuṅ-ākhyātaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kuṅ (धातु-नाम/प्रातिपदिक) + ākhyāta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; tatpuruṣa: ‘kuṅ iti ākhyātaḥ’ = called ‘kuṅ’

• anudātte: in the anudātta (accent)
• anudātte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anudātta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in/with anudātta (accent)’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• kuṭa-ādyāḥ: those beginning with kuṭa
• kuṭa-ādyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuṭa (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural; tatpuruṣa: ‘kuṭaḥ ādiḥ yeṣām’

• pūrtim: fulfilment/completion
• pūrtim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• āgatāḥ: have reached/attained
• āgatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√gam (गम् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past active participle (कर्तरि भूतकृदन्त/क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; agrees with kuṭādyāḥ

• pṛṅ: the root pṛṅ
• pṛṅ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛṅ (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (dhātu-name used as noun)

• mṛṅ: the root mṛṅ
• mṛṅ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛṅ (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular (dhātu-name used as noun)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• ātmanebhāṣau: are ātmanepada (middle)
• ātmanebhāṣau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātmanebhāṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual (द्विवचन); ‘ātmanebhāṣa’ = ātmanepada-speaking/ātmanepada-class

• ṣaṭ: six
• ṣaṭ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ṣaṭ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Numeral adjective; here with implied ‘dhātavaḥ’

• parasmaipade: in the parasmaipada (active)
• parasmaipade: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parasmaipada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in parasmaipada’

• ripeḥ: of the enemy; (O) enemy (epithet)
• ripeḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ripu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; used as vocative-like epithet in some traditions, but form is genitive

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on technical śāstra/usage)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It emphasizes that mastery of śabda—Vedic sound, accent, and correct verbal usage—is part of disciplined learning that supports dharma and ultimately aids clarity in scriptural study aimed at mokṣa.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

While not directly a bhakti instruction, it supports bhakti indirectly: correct recitation and precise understanding of scripture (through śikṣā and vyākaraṇa) protect the meaning of hymns and mantras used in Viṣṇu-oriented devotion.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It highlights Vedāṅga disciplines—Śikṣā (accent like anudātta) and Vyākaraṇa (verb classes, Ātmanepada/Parasmaipada usage)—as practical tools for accurate interpretation and recitation.