Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 5

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

टाभ्यांभिसस्तृतीया स्यात्करणे कर्तरीरिता । येन क्रियते तत्करणं सः कर्ता स्यात्करोति यः ॥ ५ ॥

Transliteration

ṭābhyāṃbhisastṛtīyā syātkaraṇe kartarīritā | yena kriyate tatkaraṇaṃ saḥ kartā syātkaroti yaḥ || 5 ||

Translation

วิภัตติที่สาม (ตฤติยา) แสดงด้วย ‘ฏา, ภฺยาม, ภิส’ ใช้ในความหมายเครื่องมือ และบางสำนวนใช้แทนผู้กระทำด้วย สิ่งที่ทำให้การกระทำสำเร็จเรียกว่า ‘กรณะ’; ผู้ที่กระทำเรียกว่า ‘กรฺตา’

Word by Word

• टा: ‘-ā’ (instrumental singular ending)
• टा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: टा (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-एकवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-ṭā’

• भ्याम्: ‘-bhyām’ (instrumental dual ending)
• भ्याम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भ्याम् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-द्विवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhyām’

• भिस्: ‘-bhis’ (instrumental plural ending)
• भिस्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भिस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
• Form: विभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: तृतीया-बहुवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-bhis’

• तृतीया: the instrumental (third case)
• तृतीया: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृतीया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-नाम (3rd case)

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• करणे: in the instrument (karaṇa)
• करणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: करण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the instrument-function’

• कर्तरि: in the agent
• कर्तरि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the agent’

• ईरिता: is stated/declared
• ईरिता: Kriya (क्रिया/statement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईर् (धातु) → ईरित (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with ‘तृतीया’ (‘is stated’)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण-निर्देश ‘by which’

• क्रियते: is done
• क्रियते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• तत्-करणम्: that is the instrument
• तत्-करणम्: Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + करण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (‘that (is) the instrument’)

• सः: he/that
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; निर्देश (demonstrative)

• कर्ता: agent/doer
• कर्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृ-निर्देश

• स्यात्: should be
• स्यात्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• करोति: does
• करोति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative)

Speaker

Narada (teaching Vyakarana principles within the Moksha Dharma context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It grounds spiritual study in precision: correct understanding of grammatical roles (doer vs. instrument) supports accurate interpretation of dharma and moksha teachings, where meaning depends on how actions and agents are expressed.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly, it safeguards bhakti practice by clarifying language used in stotras, mantras, and vows—knowing who is the doer (the devotee) and what is the means (japa, worship, offerings) prevents misreading devotional instructions.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it defines the tṛtīyā vibhakti endings and explains the kāraka concepts of karaṇa (instrument/means) and kartṛ (agent/doer), key for parsing Vedic and Purāṇic sentences.