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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 19

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

त आतेंऽते प्रथमो मध्वः से आथे ध्वे तथोत्तमः । ए वहे मह आदेशा ज्ञेया ह्यन्ये लिङादिषु ॥ १९ ॥

Transliteration

ta āteṃ'te prathamo madhvaḥ se āthe dhve tathottamaḥ | e vahe maha ādeśā jñeyā hyanye liṅādiṣu || 19 ||

Translation

ชุดแรกคือปัจจัย ‘ต, อาเต, ํเต’; ต่อมาคือ ‘เส, อาเถ’ และ ‘ธฺเว’ เป็นอย่างสูง. อีกทั้ง ‘เอ, วเห, มห’ เป็นรูปแทน (อาเทศ) พึงรู้; และในเรื่องลิงคะเป็นต้นยังมีรูปอื่น ๆ ด้วย॥

Word by Word
त‘ta’ (3rd person singular ātmanepada ending)
त:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootत (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
आते‘āte’ (3rd person dual ātmanepada ending)
आते:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootआते (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
झ‘jha’ (3rd person plural ātmanepada ending)
झ:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootझ (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
अते‘ate’ (3rd person plural/alt. ātmanepada ending in some paradigms; technical)
अते:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootअते (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
प्रथमःthe first (person)
प्रथमः:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
मध्यमःthe middle/second (person)
मध्यमः:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootमध्यम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
थास्‘thās’ (2nd person singular ātmanepada ending)
थास्:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootथास् (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
से‘se’ (2nd person singular ātmanepada ending, alt.)
से:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootसे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
आथे‘āthe’ (2nd person dual ātmanepada ending)
आथे:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootआथे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
ध्वे‘dhve’ (2nd person plural ātmanepada ending)
ध्वे:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootध्वे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb), प्रकारार्थक
उत्तमःthe highest/first (person)
उत्तमः:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ए‘e’ (1st person singular ātmanepada ending)
ए:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootए (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
वहे‘vahe’ (1st person dual ātmanepada ending)
वहे:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootवहे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
महे‘mahe’ (1st person plural ātmanepada ending)
महे:
Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootमहे (प्रत्यय/तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः)
Formअव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तिङ्-प्रत्यय-नाम, प्रथमा एकवचन
आदेशाःsubstitute forms
आदेशाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootआदेश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘substituted forms’
ज्ञेयाःare to be known
ज्ञेयाः:
Vidhi (विधि/Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + यत् (कृत्) → ज्ञेय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभविष्यत्कर्मणि-कर्तरि वा विधेय-भावः; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘to be known’
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थक
अन्येother
अन्ये:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘other’ (agreeing with आदेशाः)
लिङ्-आदिषुin the liṅ etc. (lakāras)
लिङ्-आदिषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ् (प्रत्यय/लकार-नाम) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/निर्देश), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; ‘in liṅ etc. (moods/tenses)’
Speaker

Sanatkumara (in instruction to Narada on Vedanga/Vyakarana-style technicalities)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities
N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It emphasizes that precise knowledge of language—such as endings and substitutions—supports correct understanding and transmission of Dharma and Moksha teachings, preventing distortion of scriptural meaning.

Indirectly: Bhakti relies on accurate mantra, stotra, and śāstra recitation; this verse highlights the technical foundations (correct forms and markers) that keep devotional practice aligned with authentic Vedic wording.

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): it lists technical verbal endings and ādeśa (substitution) forms, and points to rules connected with liṅga (gender) and related grammatical categories.

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