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Shloka 14

Adhyaya 90The Slaying of Shumbha and the Reabsorption of the Goddesses into Ambika

अश्वांश्च पातयामास रथं सारथिना सह ।

हताश्वः स तदा दैत्यश्छिन्नधान्वा विसारथिः ।

जग्राह मुद्गरं घोरमम्बिकानिधनodyataḥ ॥

aśvāṃś ca pātayāmāsa rathaṃ sārathinā saha / hatāśvaḥ sa tadā daityaś chinnadhānvā visārathiḥ / jagrāha mudgaraṃ ghoram ambikānidhanodyataḥ

นางฟาดสังหารม้าของเขาและรถศึกพร้อมทั้งสารถีให้ล้มลงสิ้น แล้วอสูรนั้นเมื่อม้าถูกฆ่า คันธนูหัก และไร้สารถี ก็ฉวยกระบองอันน่าสะพรึง ตั้งใจจะประหารอัมพิกา

aśvānhorses
aśvān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootaśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
pātayāmāsacaused to fall / felled
pātayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpat (धातु)
FormCausative (णिच्), Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
sārathināwith the charioteer
sārathinā:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक/ सह)
TypeNoun
Rootsārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
sahatogether with
saha:
Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
FormPreposition-like indeclinable (सह-अव्यय), expresses accompaniment
hatāśvaḥ(he) whose horses were slain
hatāśvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roothata+aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘whose horses are slain’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb of time (कालवाचक अव्यय)
daityaḥthe demon
daityaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdaitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
chinnadhānvāwith his bow cut
chinnadhānvā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootchinna+dhanu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘whose bow is cut’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
visārathiḥwithout a charioteer
visārathiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi+sārathi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘without a charioteer’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
jagrāhaseized
jagrāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgrah (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
mudgarammace
mudgaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmudgara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ghoramterrible
ghoram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with mudgaram
ambikā-nidhana-udyataḥintent on killing Ambikā
ambikā-nidhana-udyataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootambikā+nidhana+udyata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound: ambikāyāḥ nidhane udyataḥ ‘intent on the killing of Ambikā’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
Narrative within the Devi Mahatmyam
Devī (Ambikā/Caṇḍikā)
Ambikā / Devī (maternal-warrior aspect)
ShaktismRemoval of supports of adharmaAsura’s desperation

FAQs

Adharma loses its ‘vehicles’—resources, momentum, and enabling allies—when confronted by truth; stripped of supports, it resorts to brute force.

Carita: a didactic mythic episode illustrating the collapse of asuric power structures.

Horses/chariot/charioteer can symbolize prāṇa, body, and directing intellect. Devī’s act signifies mastery over the psycho-physical apparatus that ego uses to ‘charge’ toward its aims.