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Shloka 59

Adhyaya 75The Fall and Restoration of Revatī Nakṣatra and the Birth of Raivata Manu

कन्योवाच ऋतवाक् स मुनिस्तात किमेवं तप्तवांस्तपः ।

न त्वया मम तातेन ब्रह्मबन्धोः सुतास्मि किम् ॥

kanyovāca ṛtavāk sa munis tāta kimevaṃ taptavāṃs tapaḥ | na tvayā mama tātena brahmabandhoḥ sutāsmi kim ||

หญิงสาวกล่าวว่า “ท่านพ่อ เหตุใดฤๅษีฤตวากจึงบำเพ็ญตบะอย่างรุนแรงนัก? บิดาของข้ามิได้บอกเขาหรือว่า ข้าเป็นธิดาของ ‘พรหมพันธุ’ คือพราหมณ์เพียงโดยกำเนิดเท่านั้น?”

कन्याthe maiden
कन्या:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
ऋतवाक्truth-speaking
ऋतवाक्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋत-वाक् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (ऋतं वाक् यस्य/whose speech is true)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तातO dear father/sir
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन
किम्what?
किम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)
तप्तवान्having performed (austerity), having heated/undertaken
तप्तवान्:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent, as participle)
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (धातु) + क्तवतु (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formक्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
not
:
Nishedha (निषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीय-पुरुष सर्वनाम; तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
ममof me, my
मम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
तातेनby (my) father
तातेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
ब्रह्मबन्धोःof a brahmabandhu (Brahmin only by lineage)
ब्रह्मबन्धोः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्म-बन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (ब्रह्मणः बन्धुः/kinsman of Brahmins; often ‘Brahmin only by birth’)
सुताdaughter
सुता:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeNoun
Rootसुता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
Kriya (क्रिया/Copula)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
किम्what? (why?)
किम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
Maiden (Revati) speaking to her father; narrative frame continues via Mārkaṇḍeya
Tapas (austerity) as spiritual powerSocial status vs spiritual attainment (brahmabandhu)Marriage and destiny

FAQs

The verse contrasts inherited social labels with the real efficacy of tapas. Even if someone is disparaged as a ‘brahma-bandhu’, the narrative is moving toward the point that spiritual power and divine arrangement can override merely social judgments.

Primarily Manvantara and Vaṃśānucarita (dynastic/genealogical account): it introduces circumstances leading to the birth of a Manu (Raivata) and thus belongs to the Purāṇic concern with ages and lineages.

The maiden’s doubt becomes a device to reveal tapas as a force that can ‘reorder’ even cosmic markers (stars/asterisms later in the passage), symbolizing inner realization reshaping outer fate.