Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 57, Shloka 40

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

लम्पाकाः शूलकाराश्च चूलिका जागुडैः सह । औषधाश्चानिमद्राश्च किरातानां च जातयः ॥

Transliteration

lampākāḥ śūlakārāśca cūlikā jāguḍaiḥ saha / auṣadhāścānimadrāśca kirātānāñca jātayaḥ

Translation

ชาวลัมปากะ ชาวศูลการะ ชาวจูลิกะพร้อมชาวชาคุฑะ; ชาวเอาษธะและชาวอนิมัทระ; และเผ่าพันธุ์ต่าง ๆ ของชาวกิราตะ

Word by Word

• लम्पाकाः: the Lampākas
• लम्पाकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लम्पाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• शूलकाराः: the Śūlakāras
• शूलकाराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूलकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी/उपपद: शूलस्य काराः/शूलकाराः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• चूलिकाः: the Cūlikas
• चूलिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चूलिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग (जातिनाम), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• जागुडैः: with the Jāguḍas
• जागुडैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जागुड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), बहुवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: साहचर्य-अव्यय (indeclinable used with तृतीया; 'together with')

• औषधाः: the Auṣadhas
• औषधाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: औषध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (जातिनाम)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अनिमद्राः: the Animadrās
• अनिमद्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनिमद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• किरातानाम्: of the Kirātas
• किरातानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किरात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• जातयः: tribes/kinds
• जातयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speakers

• Paurāṇic narrator (geographical enumeration; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Ethnonyms
• Mountain/forest peoples (Kirāta)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse underscores the purāṇic impulse to include forest and mountain communities within the broader civilizational inventory, even if they are depicted as distinct from the agrarian heartland.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary world-description (bhū-varṇana) supporting historical/dynastic narration rather than a direct doctrinal section.

What is the esoteric significance?

Kirātas and similar groups can symbolize the untamed powers of nature; their ‘listing’ is a textual act of ordering wilderness within cosmic structure.