Shloka 37

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

शतद्रुजाः कलिङ्गाश्च पारदाः हालमूषिकाः । माठराः बहुभद्राश्च कैकेया दशमालिकाः ॥

Transliteration

śatadrujāḥ kaliṅgāśca pāradā hālamūṣikāḥ / māṭharā bahubhadrāśca kaikeyā daśamālikāḥ

Translation

ชาวศตทรุชะ ชาวกาลิงคะ ชาวปารทะ และชาวหาลมูษิกะ; ทั้งชาวมาฐระ ชาวพหุภัทระ ชาวไกเกยะ และชาวทศมาลิกะ—ล้วนเป็นชนชาติที่กล่าวถึงไว้

Word by Word

• शतद्रुजाः: the Śatadruja people
• शतद्रुजाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शतद्रुज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• कलिङ्गाः: the Kaliṅgas
• कलिङ्गाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• पारदाः: the Pāradas
• पारदाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• हालमूषिकाः: the Hālamūṣikas
• हालमूषिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हालमूषिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (हाल + मूषिक)

• माठराः: the Māṭharas
• माठराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माठर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• बहुभद्राः: the Bahubhadrās
• बहुभद्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहुभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (बहु + भद्र)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कैकेयाः: the Kaikeyas
• कैकेयाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैकेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• दशमालिकाः: the Daśamālikas
• दशमालिकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशमालिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (दश + मालिक)

Speakers

• Paurāṇic narrator (geographical enumeration; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Geography
• Ethnography
• Janapada catalogues

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage is primarily descriptive rather than prescriptive: it preserves cultural memory of regions and peoples, presenting Bhārata and its frontiers as a known, nameable world within dharmic cosmography.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Most closely aligns with Vaṃśānucarita/Manvantara-adjacent purāṇic world-description, often embedded within broader cosmographical narration (not a direct sarga/pratisarga passage here, but part of purāṇic ‘bhū-gola/janapada’ mapping).

What is the esoteric significance?

Catalogues like this sacralize space: naming peoples and lands symbolically ‘brings them within’ the ordered universe (ṛta) described by Purāṇas, contrasting the cultured center with graded frontier zones.