Shloka 21

Adhyaya 55 — Description of Jambudvipa: The Four Forests, Lakes, and Mountain Ranges Around Mount Meru; Bharata as the Karma-Bhumi

Sanskrit

भद्राश्चभारताद्यानि पत्राण्यस्य चतुर्दिशम् ।

भारतं नाम यद्वर्षं दक्षिणेन मयोदितम् ॥

Transliteration

bhadrāś ca bhāratādyāni patrāṇy asya caturdiśam | bhārataṃ nāma yad varṣaṃ dakṣiṇena mayoditam ||

Translation

กลีบของปทุมะนั้นในสี่ทิศ เรียกว่า “ภัทรา” เป็นต้น และ “ภารตะ” เป็นต้น ส่วนแคว้นที่ชื่อว่า “ภารตะ” เราได้พรรณนาว่าอยู่ทางทิศใต้

Word by Word

• भद्राः: Bhadra(s)
• भद्राः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग? (context suggests plural neuter as ‘names/regions’ but form is masculine/feminine nom. pl.); प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण/नाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• भारताद्यानि: beginning with Bhārata
• भारताद्यानि: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भारत + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन; ‘भारत-आदि’ = ‘beginning with Bhārata’

• पत्राणि: petals / divisions
• पत्राणि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), बहुवचन (Plural)

• अस्य: of this (lotus/earth)
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• चतुर्दिशम्: in the four directions
• चतुर्दिशम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चतुर् + दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (adverbial) ‘चतसृषु दिक्षु’

• भारतम्: Bhārata
• भारतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular)

• नाम: named
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: नामार्थक-अव्यय (indeclinable indicating appellation)

• यत्: which
• यत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• वर्षम्: region / land (varṣa)
• वर्षम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular)

• दक्षिणेन: to the south / by the southern side
• दक्षिणेन: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; दिशावाचक-प्रयोगः ‘दक्षिणदिशया/दक्षिणतः’

• मया: by me
• मया: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• उदितम्: described
• उदितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त) with उद्-उपसर्ग
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP -kta); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Bhārata-varṣa

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Bhārata is situated within a larger cosmic order, but it will be singled out as uniquely consequential—hinting at the Purāṇic view of India as a prime arena for dharma and liberation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna: geographic partitioning of the world into directional ‘petals’ (varṣas).

What is the esoteric significance?

Directional petals can signify differentiated modes of life; the ‘southern’ placement of Bhārata is often associated with the mixed condition of pleasure and pain that enables transformative striving.