Shloka 40

Adhyaya 34 — Duties of Women

Sanskrit

विद्याधिकस्य गुर्विण्या भारार्तस्य यवीयसः ।

मूकान्धबधिराणाञ्च मत्तस्योन्मत्तकस्य च ॥

Transliteration

vidyādhikasya gurviṇyā bhārārtasya yavīyasaḥ |

mūkāndha-badhirāṇāñ ca mattasyonmattakasya ca ||

Translation

พึงหลีกทางให้ผู้มีความรู้ยิ่งกว่า หญิงมีครรภ์ ผู้แบกภาระ ผู้เยาว์ที่ควรเอื้อเฟื้อ ตลอดจนคนใบ้ คนตาบอด คนหูหนวก ผู้มึนเมา และผู้วิกลจริต ให้ไปก่อน.

Word by Word

• विद्याधिकस्य: of one superior in knowledge
• विद्याधिकस्य: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्याधिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (विद्यया अधिकः); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• गुर्विण्याः: of the venerable lady/elder woman
• गुर्विण्याः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुर्विणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• भारार्तस्य: of one afflicted by a burden
• भारार्तस्य: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भारार्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (भारेण आर्तः); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• यवीयसः: of the younger (person)
• यवीयसः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यवीयस् (प्रातिपदिक; comparative)
• Form: तुलनात्मक-विशेषण (comparative); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• मूकान्धबधिराणाम्: of the mute, blind, and deaf
• मूकान्धबधिराणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूक (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + बधिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास; पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• मत्तस्य: of the intoxicated
• मत्तस्य: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मत्त (कृदन्त; √मद्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• उन्मत्तकस्य: of the madman
• उन्मत्तकस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उन्मत्तक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Compassionate public conduct
• Respect for learning
• Care for vulnerable persons

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Public etiquette becomes a form of non-violence: yielding prevents harm and honors both merit (learning) and vulnerability (pregnancy, disability, distress).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma (supplementary ethical instruction), not one of the pañcalakṣaṇa narrative categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Giving way’ is an outer ritual of inner humility: knowledge, life-bearing (pregnancy), and incapacity each represent conditions where ego should step aside.