Shloka 11

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

उद्धृतेष्वथ पिण्डेषु याश्चान्नकणिका भुवि ।

ताभिराप्यायनं प्राप्ता ये तिर्यकत्वं कुले गताः ॥

Transliteration

uddhṛteṣv atha piṇḍeṣu yāś cānnakaṇikā bhuvi / tābhir āpyāyanaṃ prāptā ye tiryakatvaṃ kule gatāḥ

Translation

และเมื่อยกปิณฑะ (piṇḍa) ขึ้นแล้ว เศษเมล็ดหรือเศษอาหารที่ยังคงอยู่บนพื้นดิน ด้วยสิ่งนั้นญาติวงศ์ผู้ไปสู่ภาวะแห่งสัตว์ย่อมได้รับการหล่อเลี้ยง।

Word by Word

• uddhṛteṣu: when (they are) lifted/removed
• uddhṛteṣu: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√hṛ (हृ धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); used adjectivally with piṇḍeṣu

• atha: then/and now
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/adverb (निपात)

• piṇḍeṣu: in/among the lumps (of food)
• piṇḍeṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yāḥ: which (those)
• yāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• anna-kaṇikāḥ: particles/crumbs of food
• anna-kaṇikāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक) + kaṇikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुषः (अन्नस्य कणिकाः)

• bhuvi: on the earth
• bhuvi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū (भू प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• tābhiḥ: by those (crumbs)
• tābhiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• āpyāyanam: nourishment
• āpyāyanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āpyāyana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• prāptāḥ: having obtained
• prāptāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: those who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tiryaktvam: animal state (being a beast)
• tiryaktvam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tiryaktva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kule: in the family/lineage
• kule: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• gatāḥ: having gone/attained
• gatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/कृत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Transmigration (yoni)
• Ritual detail (piṇḍa remnants)
• Compassion across species

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Śrāddha is depicted as inclusive: its efficacy reaches relatives regardless of their present embodiment, encouraging carefulness and reverence for ritual ‘leftovers’ rather than waste.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/Ācāra with an implied cosmology of rebirth; it is not sarga/pratisarga but supports Purāṇic worldview.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘remnant’ (śeṣa) motif suggests that what remains after formal offering still carries sacramental charge, extending grace into lower/liminal states of existence.