Shloka 21

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

सद्धर्मचारिणीं पत्नीं तां मुक्त्वा गजगामिनीम् ।

काञ्चिन्नाङ्गीकरिष्यामीत्येतत् सत्यं मयोदितम् ॥

Transliteration

saddharmacāriṇīṃ patnīṃ tāṃ muktvā gajagāminīm / kāñcin nāṅgīkariṣyāmīty etat satyaṃ mayoditam

Translation

เว้นแต่มเหสีผู้ดำเนินในธรรมอันดี ผู้มีลีลาย่างก้าวดุจช้าง ข้าจะไม่รับผู้อื่น; นี่คือสัจที่ข้ากล่าว

Word by Word

• saddharmacāriṇīm: practising true dharma / virtuous
• saddharmacāriṇīm: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sat-dharma-cāriṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध): sat (सत्=good) + dharma (धर्म) + cāriṇī (चारिणी=practising); Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• patnīm: wife
• patnīm: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patnī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (तद्-सर्वनाम), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• muktvā: having abandoned / leaving
• muktvā: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Anterior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: muc (धातु) + tvā (कृत्प्रत्यय)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)

• gajagāminīm: elephant-gaited
• gajagāminīm: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gaja-gāminī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय): gaja (गज=elephant) + gāminī (गामिनी=going); Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• kāñcit: any (woman)
• kāñcit: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Indefinite pronoun (किम्), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• aṅgīkariṣyāmi: I will accept
• aṅgīkariṣyāmi: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: aṅgī-kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-निपात)

• etat: this
• etat: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (एतद्-सर्वनाम), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• satyam: truth
• satyam: Pratipādya (प्रातिपाद्य/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) (apposition to etat)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• uditam: spoken
• uditam: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vad (धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन) agreeing with etat satyam

Speakers

• Ṛtadhvaja

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma of marriage
• Satya
• Praise of virtuous spouse
• Vow and identity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse reinforces the dharmic ideal that a virtuous spouse is not replaceable; the speaker binds himself by satya to a standard of restraint and loyalty, presenting marital commitment as a moral vow rather than convenience.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Again, vaṃśānucarita-type instruction through narrative conduct; it is exemplary dharma rather than sarga/manvantara material.

What is the esoteric significance?

By repeatedly sealing the vow with ‘satyam mayoditam,’ speech becomes a sacred act (vāk-śakti disciplined). Such truth-bound speech is portrayed as shaping destiny, a subtle purāṇic theme about the performative power of vow (vrata).