Shloka 74

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

ब्राह्मण्युवाच माण्डव्येन महाभागे ! शप्तो भर्ता ममेश्वरः ।

सूर्योदये विनाशं त्वं प्राप्ससीत्यतिमन्युनाः ॥

Transliteration

brāhmaṇy uvāca māṇḍavyena mahābhāge! śapto bhartā mameśvaraḥ /

sūryodaye vināśaṃ tvaṃ prāpsyasīty ati-manyunā

Translation

พราหมณีกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่นางผู้ประเสริฐ! นายและสามีของข้าถูกมานฑวยะสาปด้วยความกริ้วใหญ่ว่า ‘เมื่อสุริยะขึ้น เจ้าจักพบความพินาศ’”

Word by Word

• ब्राह्मणी: the brahmin woman
• ब्राह्मणी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मणी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• माण्डव्येन: by Māṇḍavya
• माण्डव्येन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माण्डव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• महाभागे: O greatly fortunate one
• महाभागे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभाग (प्रातिपदिक: महा+भाग)
• Form: Feminine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); addressed to a woman

• शप्तः: cursed
• शप्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शप् (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• भर्ता: husband
• भर्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ईश्वरः: lord/master
• ईश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to भर्ता

• सूर्योदये: at sunrise
• सूर्योदये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्योदय (प्रातिपदिक: सूर्य+उदय)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• विनाशम्: destruction
• विनाशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• प्राप्ससि: you will attain
• प्राप्ससि: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप् (धातु)
• Form: Future (लृट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (निपात)

• अतिमन्युनाः: by (him) of great wrath
• अतिमन्युनाः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिमन्यु (प्रातिपदिक: अति+मन्यु)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); 'by one of excessive anger'

Speakers

• Brāhmaṇī (wife) speaking to a ‘mahābhāgā’ (likely Anasūyā)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Consequences of curse (śāpa)
• Anger as a destructive force
• Marital devotion and crisis

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even a sage’s anger can precipitate grave outcomes; the narrative implicitly critiques ati-manyu (excessive wrath) and highlights the dharmic response—seeking protection through virtue and right counsel rather than retaliation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a pancalakṣaṇa core (sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita) statement; it is vaṃśānucarita-style didactic narrative in purāṇic mode, used to teach dharma via story.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sunrise marks the turning of time (kāla) and karmic fruition. A curse ‘at sunrise’ symbolizes inevitable karmic ripening unless countered by higher dharma/tapas aligned with ṛta.