Shloka 48

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

पतिव्रतायाः माहात्म्यान्नोद्गच्छति दिवाकरः ।

तस्य चानुदयाद्धानिर्मर्त्यानां भवतां तथा ॥

Transliteration

pativratāyā māhātmyān nodgacchati divākaraḥ | tasya cānudayād dhānir martyānāṃ bhavatāṃ tathā ||

Translation

ด้วยความยิ่งใหญ่แห่งสตรีผู้ซื่อสัตย์ต่อสามี (ปติวรตา) ดวงอาทิตย์จึงไม่ขึ้น; และเพราะไม่ขึ้นนั้น มนุษย์ทั้งหลาย (รวมทั้งพวกท่านด้วย) ย่อมได้รับความเดือดร้อนใหญ่หลวง.

Word by Word

• पतिव्रतायाः: of the devoted wife
• पतिव्रतायाः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पतिव्रता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; समासः—पति+व्रता (तत्पुरुषः)

• माहात्म्यात्: from (the power of) the greatness
• माहात्म्यात्: अपादान (अपादान/Source-cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माहात्म्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negative particle)

• उद्गच्छति: rises/goes up
• उद्गच्छति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्+गम् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• दिवाकरः: the Sun
• दिवाकरः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवाकर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; समासः—दिवा+कर (कर्मधारयः)

• तस्य: of him/that (Sun)
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अनुदयात्: from (his) non-rising
• अनुदयात्: अपादान (Cause/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन

• हानिः: loss, harm
• हानिः: कर्ता (Subject—result)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हानि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• मर्त्यानाम्: of mortals
• मर्त्यानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• भवताम्: of you (honored ones)
• भवताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; आदरार्थे (honorific ‘you’)

• तथा: thus, likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

Speakers

• Prajāpati to the Devas

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Divākara (Sūrya)
• Prajāpati
• Devas

Shakti Aspects

• Pativratā-śakti (chastity/faithfulness as spiritual power; not explicitly Devī as a form)

Key Themes

• Strīdharma (pativratā)
• Tapas/śakti
• Cosmic order
• Ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Moral/spiritual integrity (here, pativratā-dharma) is portrayed as potent enough to affect cosmic mechanisms. The text elevates ethical steadfastness into a force with world-order consequences.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a pañcalakṣaṇa segment; it is dharma-mahātmyam framed as narrative causation impacting cosmic rhythm.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘Sun’ symbolizes pratyakṣa-jñāna (manifest illumination). When a concentrated vow (vrata-śakti) binds it, illumination is withheld—showing how focused will can ‘arrest’ ordinary operations of nature/mind.