Shloka 33

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

निःस्वाध्यायवषट्कार-स्वधास्वाहाविवर्जितम् ।

कथं नु खल्विदं सर्वं न गच्छेत् संक्षयं जगत् ॥

Transliteration

niḥsvādhyāyavaṣaṭkāra-svadhāsvāhāvivarjitam |

kathaṃ nu khalvidaṃ sarvaṃ na gacchet saṃkṣayaṃ jagat ||

Translation

หากโลกทั้งปวงนี้ปราศจากสวาธยายะ (การศึกษาพระเวท) และปราศจากถ้อยคำพิธีกรรม—วษฏ์ สวธา และสวาหา—แล้วจักไม่พินาศได้อย่างไร?

Word by Word

• niḥsvādhyāyavaṣaṭkāra-svadhāsvāhā-vivarjitam: devoid of self-study, vaṣaṭ-calls, svadhā and svāhā
• niḥsvādhyāyavaṣaṭkāra-svadhāsvāhā-vivarjitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niḥ + svādhyāya + vaṣaṭkāra + svadhā + svāhā + vivarjita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd: प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त) from √vṛj/varj (वर्ज्) with vi-; used adjectivally; compound qualifies idam/sarvam/jagat

• katham: how?
• katham: Prayojaka/Question (प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: Interrogative adverb (प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय)

• nu: indeed/then (emphatic)
• nu: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasizing/interrogative

• khalu: surely/indeed
• khalu: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: khalu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasis/assurance

• idam: this
• idam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd: प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarvam: all/entire
• sarvam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd: प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with idam/jagat

• na: not
• na: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• gacchet: would go/should go
• gacchet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गम्)
• Form: Optative/vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• saṃkṣayam: to destruction/decay
• saṃkṣayam: Gati-karman/Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃkṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd: द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• jagat: the world
• jagat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd: प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); here subject with idam sarvam

Speakers

• Devas (a collective voice) describing dependence on human rites (exact named speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas (collective)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Vedic ritual (yajña)
• Cosmology
• Reciprocity between humans and gods

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse asserts a dharmic ecology: Vedic disciplines (study and sacrificial formulas) are not mere private piety but a public support of ṛta (cosmic order). Neglect of daily/seasonal rites is framed as a direct cause of societal and cosmic decline.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily relates to Vaṃśānucarita/Dharma-oriented instruction rather than a pure cosmogony; secondarily supports Sarga/Pratisarga themes by explaining how created order is maintained through yajña.

What is the esoteric significance?

Svāhā/svadhā/vaṣaṭ symbolize correct offering and correct address—alignment of intention, speech, and action. Esoterically, the ‘world’ (jagat) is sustained when human consciousness is kept in disciplined recitation and sacrificial orientation, preventing inner ‘saṃkṣaya’ (dissolution).