Shloka 29

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

येनाहमेवमत्यर्थं दुःखितश्चालितः पदाः ।

दशां कष्टामनुप्राप्तः स पापात्मा नराधमः ॥

Transliteration

yenāham evam atyarthaṃ duḥkhitaś cālitaḥ padāḥ / daśāṃ kaṣṭām anuprāptaḥ sa pāpātmā narādhamaḥ

Translation

ผู้ใดได้กระทบตีข้าพเจ้า—ผู้ทุกข์ระทมยิ่งในสภาพอันน่าเวทนา—ด้วยเท้า ผู้นั้นเป็นคนบาป เป็นมนุษย์ชั้นต่ำที่สุด!

Word by Word

• येन: by whom/through whom
• येन: करण (करणम्/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: सम्बन्ध (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)

• अत्यर्थम्: excessively
• अत्यर्थम्: सम्बन्ध (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यर्थ (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोग)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: अत्यन्तम्)

• दुःखितः: distressed
• दुःखितः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject, as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-निष्पन्न)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• चालितः: made to move/shaken
• चालितः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject, as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चल् (धातु) → चालित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः (passive sense)

• पदाः: feet/steps
• पदाः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• दशाम्: a condition/state
• दशाम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• कष्टाम्: painful
• कष्टाम्: कर्म (object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (दशाम्)

• अनुप्राप्तः: having reached/attained
• अनुप्राप्तः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject, as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनु-प्र-आप् (धातु) → अनुप्राप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘प्राप्तः’ इत्यर्थे

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• पाप-आत्मा: evil-souled
• पाप-आत्मा: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject, apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (पापः आत्मा यस्य/पापात्मा = पापस्वभावः)

• नर-अधमः: the lowest of men
• नर-अधमः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject, apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक) + अधम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (नराणाम् अधमः)

Speakers

• Māṇḍavya speaking (as quoted within narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Ascetic wrath
• Moral judgment
• Consequences of disrespect

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Suffering can sharpen moral condemnation, yet the Purāṇic lesson often warns against anger’s excess: words spoken in wrath can exceed the original fault and create disproportionate outcomes.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A dharma-ākhyāna illustrating the potency of speech (vāk) and the ethical requirement of restraint (kṣamā), rather than cosmological material.

What is the esoteric significance?

The sage’s labeling power (‘sinful’, ‘lowest’) shows nāma/śabda as creative force—naming becomes a seed for fate unless checked by compassion.