Shloka 11

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

ततो गार्हस्थ्यमास्थाय चेष्ट्वा यज्ञाननुत्तमान् ।

इष्टमुत्पादयापत्यमाश्रयेथा वनं ततः ॥

Transliteration

tato gārhasthyam āsthāya ceṣṭvā yajñān anuttamān | iṣṭam utpādaya apatyam āśrayethā vanaṃ tataḥ ||

Translation

ต่อจากนั้น เมื่อเข้าสู่คฤหัสถ์ ประกอบยัญอันยอดเยี่ยมยิ่ง และให้กำเนิดบุตรธิดาตามปรารถนาแล้ว พึงภายหลังไปพึ่งพิงป่า (คือดำเนินอาศรมวานปรัสถะ)

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then; thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), काल/क्रमवाचक अव्यय (temporal/sequential adverb)

• gārhasthyam: householder stage/duty
• gārhasthyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gārhasthya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• āsthāya: having undertaken
• āsthāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययकृदन्त; पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (prior action)

• ceṣṭvā: having performed/endeavoured
• ceṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ceṣṭ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययकृदन्त; पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• yajñān: sacrifices
• yajñān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yajña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (plural)

• anuttamān: unsurpassed; excellent
• anuttamān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anuttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषण (qualifier) of yajñān

• iṣṭam: desired merit/fruit; the wished-for (result)
• iṣṭam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: iṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• utpādaya: produce; generate
• utpādaya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-√pad (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद; causative sense not intended here (simple causation: 'produce')

• apatyam: offspring; progeny
• apatyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apatya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• āśrayethāḥ: take refuge in; resort to
• āśrayethāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√śri (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular), आत्मनेपद

• vanam: forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• tataḥ: then; thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), क्रमवाचक अव्यय (sequential adverb)

Speakers

• Birds (Dharmapakṣis) as instructors within the frame dialogue

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Āśrama-dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Vānaprastha
• Vedic ritual life-cycle

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is presented as a staged life-path: fulfill social and ritual obligations as a householder—especially yajña and progeny—then gradually withdraw toward renunciation. It emphasizes orderly maturation rather than abrupt abandonment of duties.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily falls under Ācāra/Dharma instruction (often treated as an adjunct purāṇic teaching rather than one of the five). It is not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita content, though it supports vaṃśa continuity via progeny.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Forest’ symbolizes interiorization: after outward sacrificial action (karma), the seeker turns toward austerity and contemplation, preparing the mind for knowledge (jñāna) and final release.