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Shloka 16

दमयन्ती–बाहुकसंवादः

Damayantī’s Dialogue with Bāhuka; Recognition and Disclosure

आत्मैव तु नलं वेद या चास्य तदनन्तरा । न हि वै स्वानि लिड्रानि नल: शंसति कहिचित्‌,परमात्मा ही नलको जानते हैं तथा उसकी जो अन्तरात्मा है, वह उन्हें जानती है, दूसरा कोई नहीं; क्योंकि राजा नल अपने लक्षणों या चिह्लोंको कभी दूसरोंके सामने नहीं प्रकट करते हैं

ātmā eva tu nalaṃ veda yā cāsya tadanantarā | na hi vai svāni liṅgāni nalaḥ śaṃsati karhi cit |

นลย่อมรู้จักนลด้วยตนเอง และสำนึกภายในที่แนบชิดติดตามเขาก็รู้เช่นกัน; เพราะพระราชานลไม่เคยเปิดเผยเครื่องหมายอันเป็นที่รู้จำของตนแก่ผู้ใด ไม่ว่าเมื่อใด

आत्माthe self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नलम्Nala
नलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
याwho/which
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that (she)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अनन्तराthe one immediately following/closest (i.e., inner self/next within)
अनन्तरा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनन्तर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
स्वानिhis own
स्वानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
लिङ्गानिmarks/signs
लिङ्गानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
नलःNala
नलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शंसतिdeclares/reveals
शंसति:
TypeVerb
Rootशंस्
FormPresent, Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कदाचित्ever/at any time
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्

बाहक उवाच

N
Nala
B
Bāhuka

Educational Q&A

True identity is ultimately known from within: the self and its inner witness know the truth, while outward recognition can be withheld. Ethically, the verse highlights restraint in self-disclosure and the dignity of guarding one’s personal signs when circumstances demand discretion.

Bāhuka (Nala in disguise) explains why others cannot identify Nala: Nala keeps his distinguishing marks secret and does not reveal them. This supports the ongoing concealment of his identity within the Nalopākhyāna episode.