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Shloka 21

Pṛthā’s Atithi-Sevā and the Gift of the Deva-Āhvāna Mantra (पृथायाः अतिथिसेवा तथा देवाह्वानमन्त्रप्रदानम्)

तथा तान्‌ द्रवतो योधान्‌ दृष्टवा तौ दूषणानुजौ | अवस्थाप्याथ सौमित्रिं संक्रुद्धावभ्यधावताम्‌,अपने उन सैनिकोंको इस प्रकार भागते देख दूषणके दोनों भाई--वज़वेग और प्रमाथीने किसी प्रकार उन्हें रोककर खड़ा किया और अत्यन्त कुपित हो सुमित्राकुमार लक्ष्मणपर धावा बोल दिया

tathā tān dravato yodhān dṛṣṭvā tau dūṣaṇānujau | avasthāpyātha saumitriṁ saṁkruddhāv abhyadhāvatām ||

เมื่อเห็นเหล่านักรบแตกหนีเช่นนั้น น้องทั้งสองของทูษณะก็ฝืนยับยั้งไว้ให้ตั้งแถวอยู่ได้ แล้วด้วยโทสะอันพลุ่งพล่าน จึงพุ่งเข้าประจัญบานกับเสามิตรีลักษมณะ

तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तान्those (men)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्रवतःrunning, fleeing
द्रवतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
योधान्warriors, soldiers
योधान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
दूषणof Dūṣaṇa
दूषण:
TypeNoun
Rootदूषण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अनुजौyounger brothers
अनुजौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अवस्थाप्यhaving stopped/checked, having made (them) stand
अवस्थाप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-स्था
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सौमित्रिम्Saumitrī (Lakṣmaṇa), son of Sumitrā
सौमित्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौमित्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संक्रुद्धौhighly enraged
संक्रुद्धौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंक्रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अभ्यधावताम्they two rushed/ran towards
अभ्यधावताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-धाव्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
D
Dūṣaṇa
V
Vajavega
P
Pramāthī
L
Lakṣmaṇa (Saumitri)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how anger and pride can override discernment in war: leaders may compel frightened soldiers back into danger, escalating violence. It implicitly warns that emotional agitation (krodha) can become a driver of adharma by pushing actions beyond measured duty.

Two brothers of Dūṣaṇa see their warriors fleeing. They stop the retreat, force the troops to stand, and then—both enraged—rush to attack Lakṣmaṇa, identified as Saumitri (son of Sumitrā).