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Shloka 23

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament on Kāla and Daiva after Draupadī’s Recovery (आरण्यक पर्व, अध्याय २५७)

विदुरस्तु तदाज्ञाय सर्ववर्णानरिंदम । यथा प्रमाणतो विद्वान्‌ पूजयामास धर्मवित्‌,शत्रुदमन जनमेजय! धर्मज्ञ एवं विद्वान्‌ विदुरजीने सब मनुष्योंकी ठीक-ठीक संख्याका ज्ञान करके उन सबका यथोचित स्वागत-सत्कार किया

viduras tu tadājñāya sarvavarṇān ariṃdama | yathā pramāṇato vidvān pūjayāmāsa dharmavit | śatrudamana janamejaya dharmajña evaṃ vidvān viduro jñātvā sarvamanuṣyāṇāṃ ṭhīk-ṭhīk saṅkhyāṃ tān sarvān yathocitaṃ svāgata-satkāraṃ cakāra |

ครั้นทราบเหตุการณ์และธรรมเนียมอันควรแล้ว วิดูระผู้รอบรู้และยึดมั่นในธรรมะ ได้ตรวจนับจำนวนและฐานะของผู้คนทุกวรรณะโดยถูกต้อง; แล้ว โอ้ชนเมชัยผู้ปราบศัตรู เขาก็ต้อนรับและให้เกียรติแก่ทุกคนอย่างเหมาะสม ตามประมาณและกาลเทศะอันสมควร

विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आज्ञायhaving known/understood
आज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having known
सर्ववर्णान्all the social classes (varṇas)
सर्ववर्णान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अरिंदमO subduer of foes
अरिंदम:
TypeNoun
Rootअरिंदम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
प्रमाणतःaccording to measure/accurately
प्रमाणतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रमाणतस्
विद्वान्wise/learned
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूजयामासhonoured/worshipped
पूजयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
Formलिट् (perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मवित्knower of dharma
धर्मवित्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुदमनO tamer of enemies
शत्रुदमन:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रुदमन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जनमेजयO Janamejaya
जनमेजय:
TypeNoun
Rootजनमेजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Vidura
J
Janamejaya

Educational Q&A

Dharma is expressed through measured, impartial conduct: a wise person recognizes people’s needs and status accurately and offers appropriate respect and hospitality to all, without neglect or excess.

Vaiśampāyana tells Janamejaya that Vidura, discerning the circumstances, determined the proper numbers and arrangements for people of all social orders and then welcomed and honored everyone suitably.