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Shloka 18

Āraṇyaka Parva, Adhyāya 233 — Pandavas Mobilize; Arjuna’s Conciliation and the Onset of Combat

सूक्ष्मं तपस्तत्‌ परम॑ त्वमेव परावरज्ञोडसि परावरस्त्वम्‌ । धर्मस्य कामस्य परस्य चैव त्वत्तेजसा कृत्स्नमिदं महात्मन्‌,जो सर्वोत्कृष्ट सूक्ष्म तप है, वह आप ही हैं। आप ही कार्य-कारण-तत्त्वके ज्ञाता तथा कार्यकारणस्वरूप हैं। धर्म, काम तथा इन दोनोंसे परे जो मोक्षतत्त्व है, उसके भी आप ही ज्ञाता हैं। महात्मन्‌! यह सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌ आपके तेजसे प्रकाशित होता है

sūkṣmaṃ tapas tat paramaṃ tvam eva parāvarajño 'si parāvaras tvam | dharmasya kāmasya parasya caiva tvat-tejasā kṛtsnam idaṃ mahātman ||

ตบะอันละเอียดลึกซึ้งและสูงสุดนั้นคือพระองค์เอง พระองค์ทรงรู้ทั้งเหตุและผล และพระองค์เองคือสภาวะแห่งเหตุและผล ในธรรม ในกาม และในสิ่งที่อยู่เหนือทั้งสอง—คือโมกษะ—พระองค์ทรงรู้โดยแท้ โอ้มหาตมัน โลกทั้งปวงนี้สว่างไสวด้วยเดชรัศมีของพระองค์

सूक्ष्मम्subtle
सूक्ष्मम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
परावरज्ञःknower of higher and lower (causes and effects)
परावरज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरावरज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असिare
असि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
परावरःhigher-and-lower; cause-and-effect (as a whole)
परावरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरावर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कामस्यof desire (kāma)
कामस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परस्यof the supreme / of that which is beyond
परस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवalso, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
त्वत्from you
त्वत्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAblative, Singular
तेजसाby (your) splendor
तेजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कृत्स्नम्entire, whole
कृत्स्नम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महात्मन्O great-souled one
महात्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies the supreme principle as the source and knower of all levels of reality—cause and effect, higher and lower—and as the ground of the human aims (dharma and kāma) as well as what transcends them (mokṣa). Ethical life and spiritual liberation are portrayed as ultimately dependent on, and illuminated by, that divine radiance.

Mārkaṇḍeya is speaking in a laudatory, instructive mode, addressing an exalted being (implicitly the divine) and affirming that the universe and the paths of human striving are sustained by that being’s tejas (spiritual splendor). The tone is devotional and philosophical, framing tapas and liberation as rooted in the same ultimate reality.