Shloka 25

Draupadī’s Instruction on Marital Conduct and Household Discipline (चित्तग्रहण-उपदेश)

Devanagari script

भारती सुप्रयोगा च कावेरी मुर्मुरा तथा । तुड़्वेणा कृष्णवेणा कपिला शोण एव च

Transliteration

bhāratī suprayogā ca kāverī murmūrā tathā | tuḍveṇā kṛṣṇaveṇā kapilā śoṇa eva ca ||

Translation

มารกัณเฑยะกล่าวว่า “(ยังมี) แม่น้ำภารตีและสุประโยคา อีกทั้งคาเวรีและมุรมูรา; และยังมีตุฑเวณา กฤษณเวณา กปิลา และแม่น้ำโศณะด้วย”

Word by Word

भारतीBhāratī (a river/name)

सुप्रयोगाSuprayogā (well-applied/auspiciously flowing; a river/name)

चand

कावेरीKāverī (river)

मुर्मुराMurmurā (river/name)

तथाlikewise/also

तुड्वेणाTuḍveṇā (river/name)

कृष्णवेणाKṛṣṇaveṇā (the dark Veṇā; river/name)

कपिलाKapilā (river/name)

शोणःŚoṇa (river)

एवindeed/just

चand

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Mārkaṇḍeya

Bhāratī (river)

Suprayogā (river)

Kāverī (river)

Murmūrā (river)

Tuḍveṇā (river)

Kṛṣṇaveṇā (river)

Kapilā (river)

Śoṇa (river)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse reinforces the Mahābhārata’s tīrtha ethos: remembering and visiting sacred rivers is presented as a means of inner cleansing and recommitment to dharma—cultivating restraint, truthfulness, and ethical renewal through contact with sanctifying places.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya is enumerating rivers as part of a broader description of holy places (tīrthas). The verse is a segment of that catalogue, naming multiple rivers revered as spiritually efficacious.