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Shloka 48

Adhyāya 208: Aṅgirasī-kanyāḥ

Enumeration of Aṅgiras’ daughters and attribute-names

(साधु: सन्नतिमानेव सर्वत्र द्विजसत्तम ।) मूढानामवलिप्तानामसारं भावितं भवेत्‌ । दर्शयत्यन्तरात्मा तं दिवा रूपमिवांशुमान्‌,द्विजश्रेष्ठ! उत्तम पुरुष सर्वत्र विनयशील ही होता है। अहंकारी मूढ़ मनुष्योंकी सोची हुई प्रत्येक बात निःसार होती है। जैसे सूर्य दिनके रूपको प्रकट कर देता है, उसी प्रकार मूर्खोकी अन्तरात्मा ही उनके यथार्थ स्वरूपका दर्शन करा देती है

sādhuḥ sannatimān eva sarvatra dvijasattama | mūḍhānām avaliptānām asāraṃ bhāvitaṃ bhavet || darśayaty antarātmā taṃ divā rūpam ivāṃśumān, dvijaśreṣṭha ||

โอ้พราหมณ์ผู้ประเสริฐ ผู้ดีแท้ย่อมอ่อนน้อมถ่อมตนในทุกแห่งหน แต่สิ่งที่คนเขลาและหยิ่งผยองคิดและวางแผนย่อมกลวงเปล่า ดุจดวงอาทิตย์เผยรูปทรงทั้งหลายยามกลางวัน ฉันใด อาตมันภายในของคนโง่ก็ฉายให้เห็นสภาพแท้จริงของตนฉันนั้น

साधुःa good/noble (man)
साधुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सन्नतिमान्humble, possessing modesty
सन्नतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्नतिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सर्वत्रeverywhere
सर्वत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वत्र
द्विजसत्तमO best of the twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मूढानाम्of fools
मूढानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अवलिप्तानाम्of the arrogant/conceited
अवलिप्तानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवलिप्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
असारम्insubstantial, worthless
असारम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसार
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भावितम्what is conceived/thought
भावितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभावित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दर्शयतिshows, reveals
दर्शयति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्तरात्माthe inner self/conscience
अन्तरात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दिवाby day, in daytime
दिवा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा
रूपम्form, appearance
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अंशुमान्the radiant one (the sun)
अंशुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअंशुमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजश्रेष्ठO best of the twice-born
द्विजश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

व्याध उवाच

V
vyādha (the hunter, speaker)
D
dvijaśreṣṭha / dvijasattama (addressed brāhmaṇa)
A
aṃśumān (the sun)
A
antarātmā (inner self/conscience)

Educational Q&A

Humility is the mark of the truly good, while arrogance and delusion lead to empty intentions; ultimately one’s own inner self (conscience and character) reveals one’s real nature, as clearly as the sun reveals forms in daylight.

In the Vyādha’s instruction to a brāhmaṇa (the didactic dialogue often called the Vyādha-gītā within Vana Parva), the hunter-teacher contrasts the humble virtuous person with the arrogant fool and uses the sun as a metaphor to show how inner character inevitably becomes visible.