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Shloka 4

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

अथ पुरोहितो राजानमब्रवीत्‌ । प्राणरक्षार्थ श्येनादू भीतो भवन्तं प्राणार्थी प्रपद्यते,यह देखकर पुरोहितने राजासे कहा--“महाराज! यह कबूतर बाजके डरसे अपने प्राणोंकी रक्षाके लिये आपकी शरणमें आया है। किसी तरह प्राण बच जायँ--यही इसका प्रयोजन है

atha purohito rājānam abravīt | prāṇarakṣārthaṁ śyenād bhīto bhavantaṁ prāṇārthī prapadyate |

ครั้นนั้นปุโรหิตกราบทูลพระราชาว่า “ข้าแต่มหาราช นกพิราบนี้หวาดกลัวเหยี่ยว จึงมาขอพึ่งพระองค์เพื่อรักษาชีวิต เป็นผู้มาขอชีวิตโดยแท้”

अथthen/thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
पुरोहितःthe priest
पुरोहितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरोहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राणरक्षार्थम्for the purpose of protecting life
प्राणरक्षार्थम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-रक्षा-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्येनात्from the hawk
श्येनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवन्तम्you (honorific)
भवन्तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राणार्थीseeking life (to save his life)
प्राणार्थी:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राण-अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रपद्यतेtakes refuge in/approaches
प्रपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-पद्
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya (speaker)
P
purohita (royal priest)
R
rājā (king)
K
kapota (pigeon/dove)
Ś
śyena (hawk/falcon)

Educational Q&A

One who seeks refuge out of fear for life becomes a protected dependent; dharma calls upon the powerful—especially a king—to offer shelter and safeguard the vulnerable, even amid competing claims.

The priest explains to the king that a pigeon, fleeing a hawk, has come to the king for protection. The scene sets up a moral dilemma about refuge, protection, and the king’s obligation to uphold dharma.