Shloka 110

कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः

Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma

Devanagari script

क्षत्रियाश्ष प्रवर्तन्ते सर्ववर्णानुरंजनै: । वैश्या: कृषिं यथान्यायं कारयन्ति नराधिप

Transliteration

kṣatriyāś ca pravartante sarvavarṇānurañjanaiḥ | vaiśyāḥ kṛṣiṃ yathānyāyaṃ kārayanti narādhipa |

Translation

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “กษัตริย์ทั้งหลายปฏิบัติธรรมของตนด้วยการยังความพอใจแก่ชนทุกวรรณะ ทำให้ทุกคนเป็นสุขและผ่องใส. ส่วนพวกไวศยะ โอ้พระราชา ย่อมให้การกสิกรรมและการค้าเป็นไปตามความยุติธรรมและระเบียบอันถูกต้อง.”

Word by Word

• क्षत्रियाः: Kshatriyas
• क्षत्रियाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रवर्तन्ते: act / proceed / engage (in their duties)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र√वृत्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• सर्ववर्णानुरंजनैः: by pleasing/conciliating all the varnas
• सर्ववर्णानुरंजनैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ववर्णानुरंजन
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• वैश्याः: Vaishyas
• वैश्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कृषिम्: agriculture / farming
• कृषिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृषि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• यथा: as / according to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• अन्यायम्: injustice (improperly)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्याय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कारयन्ति: cause to be done / carry out
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (णिच्)
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• नराधिप: O lord of men (king)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• नरेश्वर: O king, lord of men
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• kṣatriyas
• vaiśyas
• narādhipa (the king, addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents an ethical model of social functioning: rulers (kṣatriyas) uphold stability by ensuring the welfare and satisfaction of all groups, while producers/merchants (vaiśyas) sustain society through agriculture and economic activity conducted according to nyāya—fairness, law, and propriety.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes normative conduct within society, highlighting how different social orders perform their roles: the kingly/warrior class governs by conciliating and caring for all varṇas, and the vaiśya class organizes cultivation and livelihood in a just and orderly manner.