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Shloka 8

Adhyāya 188: Mārkaṇḍeya’s Account of Yuga-Decline and the Restoration Motif

Kali-yuga to Kalki

दुर्बलं बलवन्तो हि मत्स्या मत्स्यं विशेषतः । आस्वदन्ति सदा वृत्तिविहिता न: सनातनी,“बलवान मत्स्य विशेषत: दुर्बल मत्स्यको अपना आहार बना लेते हैं, यह सदासे हमारी मत्स्य-जातिकी नियत--वृत्ति है

durbalaṃ balavanto hi matsyā matsyaṃ viśeṣataḥ | āsvadanti sadā vṛttivihitā naḥ sanātanī ||

มารกัณฑेयกล่าวว่า “ปลาที่มีกำลังย่อมกินปลาที่อ่อนแอ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งปลาเขมือบปลาด้วยกัน นี่เป็นวิถีดั้งเดิมอันสืบมาแต่โบราณ เป็นความเป็นอยู่ที่กำหนดไว้ตามธรรมชาติของพวกเรา”

दुर्बलम्the weak (one)
दुर्बलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्बल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलवन्तःthe strong (ones)
बलवन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मत्स्याःfishes
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्यम्a fish
मत्स्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially/in particular
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः
आस्वदन्तिeat/devour (lit. taste)
आस्वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + स्वाद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
वृत्ति-विहिताprescribed/ordained as a livelihood/instinct
वृत्ति-विहिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्ति-विहित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us/our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
सनातनीeternal/ancient (custom)
सनातनी:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya (speaker)
M
matsya (fish)

Educational Q&A

The verse expresses the ‘law of the fish’ (matsya-nyāya): where there is no restraining order or protection, the strong naturally prey upon the weak. It highlights the ethical need for dharma, governance, or restraint to prevent a world ruled solely by power.

Mārkaṇḍeya, speaking within the Vana Parva discourse, uses the example of fish to illustrate a harsh natural principle: in an unregulated setting, the powerful consume the powerless. The statement functions as a moral-political illustration within his teaching.