Shloka 30

Adhyāya 188: Mārkaṇḍeya’s Account of Yuga-Decline and the Restoration Motif

Kali-yuga to Kalki

Devanagari script

त्रसानां स्थावराणां च यच्चेड़ं यच्च नेड़ति । तस्य सर्वस्य सम्प्राप्त: काल: परमदारुण:,“सम्पूर्ण जंगमों तथा स्थावर पदार्थो्में जो हिल-डुल सकते हैं और जो हिलने- डुलनेवाले नहीं हैं, उन सबके लिये अत्यन्त भयंकर समय आ पहुँचा है

Transliteration

trasānāṃ sthāvarāṇāṃ ca yac cedam yac ca neḍati | tasya sarvasya samprāptaḥ kālaḥ paramadāruṇaḥ ||

Translation

มารกัณฑยะกล่าวว่า “สำหรับสรรพสัตว์ทั้งปวง—ทั้งที่เคลื่อนไหวและที่อยู่นิ่ง; สิ่งใดในที่นี้ที่ไหวได้และสิ่งใดที่ไหวไม่ได้—กาลอันน่าสะพรึงกลัวยิ่งได้มาถึงแล้ว”

Word by Word

• त्रसानाम्: of moving beings
• त्रसानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• स्थावराणाम्: of immobile beings/things
• स्थावराणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थावर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यत्: whatever (that which)
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• यत्: whatever (that which)
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• ईडति: moves/stirs (here: is in motion)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईड् (धातु)
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तस्य: of that
• तस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• सर्वस्य: of all
• सर्वस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• सम्प्राप्तः: arrived/has come
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) → सम्प्राप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कालः: time (fate/death-time)
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परमदारुणः: extremely dreadful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम-दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

All existence—whether mobile or immobile—falls under the sovereignty of Kāla (Time). The verse stresses inevitability: no category of being is exempt from change, decline, and the consequences that ripen in their proper season.

What is happening in the narrative?

Mārkaṇḍeya is describing the onset of a terrifying phase of Time affecting the entire world—everything that moves and everything that does not—signaling an approaching calamity or cosmic upheaval within his discourse.