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Shloka 5

Brāhmaṇa-māhātmya: Tārkṣya’s instruction on tapas, satya, and svadharma

Chapter 182

कस्माच्चिद्‌ दानयोगाद्धि सत्यमेव विशिष्यते । सत्यवाक्याच्च राजेन्द्र किंचिद्‌ दानं विशिष्यते,राजेन्द्र! किसी दानसे सत्यका ही महत्त्व बढ़ जाता है और कोई-कोई दान ही सत्यभाषणसे अधिक महत्त्व रखता है

kasmāccid dānayogād dhi satyam eva viśiṣyate | satyavākyāc ca rājendra kiṃcid dānaṃ viśiṣyate ||

พญานาคกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชาผู้ประเสริฐ ในบางคราวท่ามกลางหนทางแห่งทาน ความสัตย์เท่านั้นย่อมเลิศล้ำที่สุด; แต่ข้าแต่จอมกษัตริย์ ยังมีทานบางประการที่อานิสงส์ยิ่งกว่าการกล่าวสัตย์เสียอีก”

कस्मात्from what? (from which cause)
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, ablative, singular
चित्ever/at all (indefinite particle)
चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित्
दानयोगात्from the practice/discipline of giving
दानयोगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदानयोग
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
एवalone/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विशिष्यतेexcels/is superior
विशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + शिष्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, Atmanepada
सत्यवाक्यात्from truthful speech
सत्यवाक्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यवाक्य
Formneuter, ablative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
किंचित्something/a certain (thing)
किंचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
दानम्a gift/charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
Formneuter, nominative, singular
विशिष्यतेexcels/is superior
विशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + शिष्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, Atmanepada
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

सर्प उवाच

सर्प (the serpent, speaker)
राजेन्द्र (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a nuanced ethical hierarchy: truthfulness is generally exalted, yet the tradition also recognizes that certain acts of giving—especially those that protect life, relieve extreme suffering, or uphold dharma—can be considered even more meritorious than merely speaking truth.

A serpent addresses a king respectfully as “rājendra” and introduces a moral comparison between satya (truth) and dāna (charitable giving), preparing the ground for a broader instruction on dharma where context determines which virtue takes precedence.