Shloka 31

त्रयी वार्ता दण्डनीतिस्तिस््रो विद्या विजानताम्‌ | ताभि: सम्यक्‌ प्रयुक्ताभिलोंकयात्रा विधीयते,वेदत्रयी, वार्ता (कृषि-वाणिज्य आदि) और दण्डनीति--ये तीन विद्याएँ हैं (इनमें वेदाध्ययन ब्राह्मणकी, वार्ता वैश्यकी और दण्डनीति क्षत्रियकी जीविकावृत्ति है)। विज्ञ पुरुषोंद्वारा इन वृत्तियोंका ठीक-ठीक प्रयोग होनेसे लोकयात्राका निर्वाह होता है

vaiśampāyana uvāca | trayī vārtā daṇḍanītis tisro vidyā vijānatām | tābhiḥ samyak prayuktābhir lokayātrā vidhīyate ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—พระเวทสาม, วารตา (การเลี้ยงชีพ เช่น เกษตรและการค้า), และทัณฑนีติ (ศาสตร์แห่งการปกครองและการลงโทษ)—นี่คือวิชาสามประการที่บัณฑิตยอมรับ. เมื่อใช้ให้ถูกต้องและพอเหมาะแล้ว ความเป็นอยู่ของโลกย่อมดำเนินไป และระเบียบสังคมย่อมตั้งมั่น.

त्रयीthe triad (esp. the three Vedas)
त्रयी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रयी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वार्ताeconomics; livelihood (agriculture, trade, etc.)
वार्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवार्ता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डनीतिःpolitics; the science of punishment/governance
दण्डनीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
विद्याःsciences/branches of knowledge
विद्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
विजानताम्of those who know/understand
विजानताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवि+ज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Participle (Shatru), Genitive Plural (Masculine/Neuter)
ताभिःby/with those (three sciences)
ताभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
सम्यक्properly; correctly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
प्रयुक्ताभिःwhen applied/used
प्रयुक्ताभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र+युज्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
लोकयात्राthe course/sustenance of the world; worldly life
लोकयात्रा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोकयात्रा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विधीयतेis brought about/maintained; is effected
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+धा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Veda-trayī (three Vedas)
V
Vārtā (economic livelihood)
D
Daṇḍanīti (statecraft)

Educational Q&A

Society is sustained when three domains are rightly practiced: sacred learning (trayī/three Vedas), productive livelihood (vārtā), and just governance (daṇḍanīti). The verse emphasizes balance—knowledge, economy, and law must each function properly for lokayātrā, the ongoing life of the world.

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration, a general principle of dharma is being stated: the wise recognize three foundational disciplines, and their proper application maintains social life. It serves as a reflective teaching within the Vana Parva’s broader discussions on conduct, duty, and order.