Shloka 11

Kṛṣṇa at Duryodhana’s House: Refusal of Hospitality and Departure to Vidura (कृष्णस्य धार्तराष्ट्रनिवेशनगमनम्)

Devanagari script

रथनेमिनिनादैश्व व्यबोध्यन्त तदा गृहे । शड्खभेरीनिनादेन वेणुवीणानुनादिना

Transliteration

rathanemi-ninādaiś ca vyabodhyanta tadā gṛhe | śaṅkha-bherī-ninādena veṇu-vīṇā-nunādinā ||

Translation

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า: ครั้นนั้น ภายในเรือน ผู้คนตื่นตัวด้วยเสียงครืนครั่นของล้อรถศึก; ทั้งด้วยเสียงสังข์และกลองเภรี ตลอดจนเสียงกังวานต่อเนื่องของขลุ่ยและวีณา

Word by Word

• रथनेमि-निनादैः: by the roaring sounds of chariot-rims
• रथनेमि-निनादैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथनेमि (प्रातिपदिक) + निनाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• व्यबोध्यन्त: were awakened
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बुध् (बोधने)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Passive (Karmani)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• गृहे: in the house
• गृहे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• शङ्ख-भेरी-निनादेन: by the sound of conches and kettle-drums
• शङ्ख-भेरी-निनादेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक) + भेरी (प्रातिपदिक) + निनाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• वेणु-वीणा-अनुनादिना: with the resonant accompaniment of flutes and lutes
• वेणु-वीणा-अनुनादिना: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेणु (प्रातिपदिक) + वीणा (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुनादिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• chariot wheels (rathanemi)
• conch (śaṅkha)
• kettledrum (bherī)
• flute (veṇu)
• vīṇā

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how collective life is shaped by signals and sounds: martial instruments and festive music together can awaken a community to impending duty and decisive action. It suggests that public ceremonies often carry ethical weight, preparing people psychologically for consequential choices.

What is happening in the narrative?

A household (or palace setting) is stirred awake and alerted by the loud approach and preparations associated with chariots and instruments—conches, drums, flutes, and vīṇās—indicating a significant movement or assembly connected with royal or martial activity.